Abstract: A printed circuit board includes a first insulating layer, a first metal layer disposed on the first insulating layer and including a first oxidation region on a side surface thereof, and a second metal layer disposed on the first metal layer. A method of manufacturing a printed circuit board includes forming a first metal layer on a first insulating layer, forming a second metal layer on a portion of the first metal layer, oxidizing another portion of the first metal layer to form a first oxidation region, and removing at least a portion of the first oxidation region.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a printed circuit board includes: forming first and second resist films, respectively having first and second openings exposing a first metal layer disposed on one surface of an insulating layer; forming a second metal layer on the first metal layer, exposed through the first and second openings, to fill at least a portion of each of the first and second openings; and removing the first and second resist films. The first and second openings have different widths in a cross-section.

Abstract: A printed circuit board including a first insulating layer; a plurality of first circuit patterns respectively disposed on the first insulating layer; a second insulating layer disposed on the first insulating layer and covering a portion of a side surface of each of the plurality of first circuit patterns; and an insulator disposed between at least one pair of adjacent first circuit patterns, among the plurality of first circuit patterns, and integrated with the first insulating layer, and a method for manufacturing a printed circuit board, are provided.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a printed circuit board includes: forming first and second resist films, respectively having first and second openings exposing a first metal layer disposed on one surface of an insulating layer; forming a second metal layer on the first metal layer, exposed through the first and second openings, to fill at least a portion of each of the first and second openings; and removing the first and second resist films. The first and second openings have different widths in a cross-section.

Abstract: Provided is a substrate processing method that may prevent the non-uniformity of the thickness of landing pads deposited on each step in a vertical NAND device having a stepped structure. The substrate processing method includes stacking, a plurality of times, a stack structure including an insulating layer and a sacrificial layer and etching the stack structure to form a stepped structure having an upper surface, a lower surface, and a side surface connecting the upper surface and the lower surface. The method also includes forming a barrier layer on the stepped structure, forming a mask layer on the barrier layer and exposing at least a portion of the barrier layer by etching at least a portion of the mask layer with a first etching solution The method further includes etching the exposed barrier layer with a second etching solution and etching the mask layer with a third etching solution.

Abstract: Provided is a method of depositing a thin film on a pattern structure of a semiconductor substrate, the method including (a) supplying a source gas; (b) supplying a reactive gas; and (c) supplying plasma, wherein the steps (a), (b), and (c) are sequentially repeated on the semiconductor substrate within a reaction space until a desired thickness is obtained, and a frequency of the plasma is a high frequency of 60 MHz or greater.

Abstract: Provided is a substrate processing method that may prevent the non-uniformity of the thickness of landing pads deposited on each step in a vertical NAND device having a stepped structure. The substrate processing method includes stacking, a plurality of times, a stack structure including an insulating layer and a sacrificial layer and etching the stack structure to form a stepped structure having an upper surface, a lower surface, and a side surface connecting the upper surface and the lower surface.

Abstract: Provided is a substrate processing method that may prevent the non-uniformity of the thickness of landing pads deposited on each step in the process of selectively depositing a landing pad in a vertical NAND device having a stepped structure. The substrate processing method includes stacking, a plurality of times, a stack structure including an insulating layer and a sacrificial layer and etching the stack structure to form a stepped structure having an upper surface, a lower surface, and a side surface connecting the upper surface and the lower surface. The method also includes forming a barrier layer on the stepped structure, forming a mask layer on the barrier layer and exposing at least a portion of the barrier layer by etching at least a portion of the mask layer with a first etching solution The method further includes etching the exposed barrier layer with a second etching solution and etching the mask layer with a third etching solution.

Abstract: Provided is a method of depositing a thin film on a pattern structure of a semiconductor substrate, the method including (a) supplying a source gas; (b) supplying a reactive gas; and (c) supplying plasma, wherein the steps (a), (b), and (c) are sequentially repeated on the semiconductor substrate within a reaction space until a desired thickness is obtained, and a frequency of the plasma is a high frequency of 60 MHz or greater.

Abstract: Provided is a substrate processing method capable of preventing over-etching of a part of a stair-case structure due to an etching solution, when a barrier layer is selectively formed on a VNAND device having the stair-case structure. The substrate processing method includes: alternately stacking a first insulating layer and a second insulating layer; forming a stepped structure having an upper surface, a lower surface, and a side surface connecting the upper surface to the lower surface by etching the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer that are stacked; densifying the stepped structure; forming a barrier layer on the densified second insulating layer; and performing isotropic etching on at least a part of a sacrificial word line structure including the second insulating layer and the barrier layer. During etching the barrier layer at the isotropic etching step, the second insulating layer is not etched or etched a little to an ignorable degree.

Abstract: Provided is a method of depositing a thin film on a pattern structure of a semiconductor substrate, the method including (a) supplying a source gas; (b) supplying a reactive gas; and (c) supplying plasma, wherein the steps (a), (b), and (c) are sequentially repeated on the semiconductor substrate within a reaction space until a desired thickness is obtained, and a frequency of the plasma is a high frequency of 60 MHz or greater.

Abstract: A method of processing a substrate by omitting a photolithographic process is disclosed. The method includes forming at least one layer on a stepped structure having an upper surface, a lower surface, and a side surface that connects the upper surface to the lower surface, selectively densifying portions of the at least one layer respectively on the upper surface and the lower surface via asymmetric plasma application, and performing an isotropic etching process on the at least one layer. During the isotropic etching process, the portion of the at least one layer formed on the upper surface is separated from the portion of the at least one layer formed on the lower surface.

Abstract: A method of processing a substrate by omitting a photolithographic process is disclosed. The method includes forming at least one layer on a stepped structure having an upper surface, a lower surface, and a side surface that connects the upper surface to the lower surface, selectively densifying portions of the at least one layer respectively on the upper surface and the lower surface via asymmetric plasma application, and performing an isotropic etching process on the at least one layer. During the isotropic etching process, the portion of the at least one layer formed on the upper surface is separated from the portion of the at least one layer formed on the lower surface.

Abstract: A substrate processing method includes stacking a plurality of stack structures each including an insulating layer and a sacrificial layer, on one another. The method also includes generating a stair structure by etching the stack structures and generating a separation layer on a side surface of the stair structure. The method further includes removing the sacrificial layer and generating conductive word line structures in spaces from which the sacrificial layer is removed. The separation layer is provided between the conductive word line structures.

Abstract: Provided is a substrate processing method capable of preventing over-etching of a part of a stair-case structure due to an etching solution, when a barrier layer is selectively formed on a VNAND device having the stair-case structure. The substrate processing method includes: alternately stacking a first insulating layer and a second insulating layer; forming a stepped structure having an upper surface, a lower surface, and a side surface connecting the upper surface to the lower surface by etching the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer that are stacked; densifying the stepped structure; forming a barrier layer on the densified second insulating layer; and performing isotropic etching on at least a part of a sacrificial word line structure including the second insulating layer and the barrier layer. During etching the barrier layer at the isotropic etching step, the second insulating layer is not etched or etched a little to an ignorable degree.

Abstract: Provided is a method of depositing a thin film on a pattern structure of a semiconductor substrate, the method including (a) supplying a source gas; (b) supplying a reactive gas; and (c) supplying plasma, wherein the steps (a), (b), and (c) are sequentially repeated on the semiconductor substrate within a reaction space until a desired thickness is obtained, and a frequency of the plasma is a high frequency of 60 MHz or greater.

Abstract: A method of processing a substrate by omitting a photolithographic process is disclosed. The method includes forming at least one layer on a stepped structure having an upper surface, a lower surface, and a side surface that connects the upper surface to the lower surface, selectively densifying portions of the at least one layer respectively on the upper surface and the lower surface via asymmetric plasma application, and performing an isotropic etching process on the at least one layer. During the isotropic etching process, the portion of the at least one layer formed on the upper surface is separated from the portion of the at least one layer formed on the lower surface.

Abstract: A method of processing a substrate by omitting a photolithographic process is disclosed. The method includes forming at least one layer on a stepped structure having an upper surface, a lower surface, and a side surface that connects the upper surface to the lower surface, selectively densifying portions of the at least one layer respectively on the upper surface and the lower surface via asymmetric plasma application, and performing an isotropic etching process on the at least one layer. During the isotropic etching process, the portion of the at least one layer formed on the upper surface is separated from the portion of the at least one layer formed on the lower surface.

Abstract: A method of processing a substrate by omitting a photolithographic process is disclosed. The method includes forming at least one layer on a stepped structure having an upper surface, a lower surface, and a side surface that connects the upper surface to the lower surface, selectively densifying portions of the at least one layer respectively on the upper surface and the lower surface via asymmetric plasma application, and performing an isotropic etching process on the at least one layer. During the isotropic etching process, the portion of the at least one layer formed on the upper surface is separated from the portion of the at least one layer formed on the lower surface.

Abstract: A substrate processing method includes stacking a plurality of stack structures each including an insulating layer and a sacrificial layer, on one another. The method also includes generating a stair structure by etching the stack structures and generating a separation layer on a side surface of the stair structure. The method further includes removing the sacrificial layer and generating conductive word line structures in spaces from which the sacrificial layer is removed. The separation layer is provided between the conductive word line structures.