Abstract: Methods of forming devices comprise forming a dielectric layer on a substrate, the dielectric layer comprising at least one feature defining a gap including sidewalls and a bottom. A self-assembled monolayer (SAM) is formed on the bottom of the gap, and a barrier layer is formed on the SAM before selectively depositing a metal liner on the barrier layer. The SAM is removed after selectively depositing the metal liner on the barrier layer.

Abstract: A semiconductor package may include a redistribution layer structure including a redistribution layer, a semiconductor chip a first surface of the redistribution layer structure, an under-bump structure disposed on a second surface of the redistribution layer structure and including a protective layer having a trench and an under-bump metal layer, an electronic element on the under-bump structure, and an underfill member filling at least a portion of a space between the under-bump structure and the electronic element and filling at least a portion of the trench, wherein, in a plan view, the trench surrounds the electronic element and may include a protrusion portion protruding outward from the electronic element in a region surrounding an edge of the electronic element.

Abstract: A chemical liquid supply apparatus is provided and includes an additive supply, a chemical liquid supply, and a controller that controls the additive supply and the chemical liquid supply. The additive supply includes a first tank that receives an additive from an additive container, and a first circulating pipe connected to the first tank. The chemical liquid supply includes an auxiliary tank that receives an etching liquid from another container and receives the additive, and a second circulating pipe connected to the auxiliary tank. The controller provides control so as to: circulate the additive in the first tank; heat the etching liquid in the auxiliary tank using a heater such that a temperature of the etching liquid is increased to a first temperature; supply the additive to the auxiliary tank; and produce a chemical liquid by circulating the etching liquid and the additive at the first temperature.

Abstract: A home port includes: a cylindrical body including: an open upper, a lower end, and an outlet in the lower end of the cylindrical body; a cover covering the open upper end; a pipe connected to the outlet; and a first bracket between the cover and the outlet, wherein a hole is provided in the first bracket, the first bracket has an inclined surface inclined from a first side of the first bracket to a second side of the first bracket, a vertical level of the first side of the first bracket is higher than a vertical level of the second side of the first bracket, and the hole of the first bracket is provided at the second side of the first bracket.

Abstract: A banking processing method according is performed by a processing logic including an application for banking processing implemented on a user terminal and a computer-readable storage medium. The method comprises the steps of: when the application for banking processing is run, searching a hardware security area of the user terminal and confirming the existence of a certificate for confirming an execution history of the application for banking processing; when the existence of the certificate is confirmed, searching the security area and confirming the existence of a token key for identifying whether login information of the user has been set; when the existence of the token key is not confirmed, setting the login information of the user by providing a membership page for setting the login information of the user; and opening an account according to a request of the user whose login information has been set.

Abstract: A semiconductor chip includes a substrate. a device layer and an interconnection layer sequentially on the substrate, and a bonding pad on the interconnection layer. A bottom surface of the bonding pad may be located at a constant level, and a side surface of the bonding pad may have a roughened shape.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus and method for controlling a motor-driven power steering system. The apparatus for controlling a motor-driven power steering system includes an input/output interface connected to a motor angle sensor, a steering angle sensor, and a position controller, and a processor connected to the input/output interface, wherein, when a failure occurs in the motor angle sensor, the processor calculates a sum value of a result value obtained by applying a first weight value to a motor angle of a driving motor output from the motor angle sensor and a result value obtained by applying a second weight value to a steering angle of a steering wheel output from the steering angle sensor and feed the sum value back to a position controller.

Abstract: A display device includes a substrate including a display area and a driving circuit area, a first insulating layer, a second insulating layer on the first insulating layer, a first transistor in the display area, and including a first semiconductor pattern layer formed as a semiconductor layer on the second insulating layer, a first gate electrode on the first semiconductor pattern layer, and a first lower electrode overlapping the first semiconductor pattern layer, and a second transistor in the driving circuit area, and including a second semiconductor pattern layer formed as the semiconductor layer, a second gate electrode on the second semiconductor pattern layer, and a second lower electrode overlapping the second semiconductor pattern layer, wherein the first lower electrode is between the substrate and the first insulating layer, and the second lower electrode is between the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer.

Abstract: A string filter device may include an input buffer group and a string comparator group. The input buffer group may store a plurality of string group data segments. Each of the plurality of string group data segments has a first size and includes a plurality of string data having a variable size. The string comparator group may extract a plurality of different sub-string group data segments having a second size among the plurality of string group data segments, and compare, in parallel, each of the plurality of sub-string group data segments with query data, using a plurality of string comparators.

Abstract: A touch sensor includes first touch cells disposed in a first touch sensing area, the first touch cells each including a first touch pattern and a first dummy pattern, and second touch cells disposed in a second touch sensing area, the second touch cells each including a second touch pattern and a second dummy pattern. An area of a first dummy pattern area in which the first dummy pattern is disposed is greater than an area of a second dummy pattern area in which the second dummy pattern is disposed.

Abstract: A display device and a manufacturing method thereof are disclosed. The display device may include a pixel circuit layer including a plurality of transistors, a first partition wall and a second partition wall on the pixel circuit layer, and each protruding in a thickness direction, a first electrode and a second electrode formed on the same layer, and on the first partition wall and the second partition wall, respectively; a light emitting element between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a first organic pattern directly on the light emitting element.

Abstract: A steering control method for a redundant steering system. The method includes: receiving, by a first steering controller and a second steering controller, a first command signal and a second command signal, respectively; and synchronizing control outputs of the first steering controller and the second steering controller in a way that at least one of the first steering controller and the second steering controller compensates a control timing according to the first command signal and the second command signal so that the control outputs are synchronized.

Abstract: An apparatus for four-wheel independent steering. The apparatus may include: a rear wheel angle computation unit configured to compute a rear wheel angle (?r) resulting by multiplying a front wheel angle (?f) by a predetermined front/rear wheel angle ratio (Kss) corresponding to a vehicle speed (V); a gain computation unit configured to compute a gain (A) corresponding to a steering angle acceleration and the vehicle speed and then to output a final rear wheel angle (?r) resulting by multiplying the rear wheel angle (?r) computed by the rear wheel angle computation unit by the computed gain (A); and a control unit configured to perform rear wheel steering control based on the front wheel angle (?f) and the final rear wheel angle (?r).

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the disclosure, a display device includes a sensor driver receiving firmware from an host in which the firmware is stored, the sensor driver including a second memory storing the firmware supplied from the host and initialized when a reset signal is supplied from the host, and a sensing unit for supplying a recovery signal corresponding to an abnormal state of the sensor driver to the host while sensing at least one of an internal voltage and a clock signal of the sensor driver.

Abstract: A printed circuit board includes a first substrate portion including a first insulating portion and a plurality of first wiring layers respectively disposed on or in the first insulating portion, a resin layer disposed to cover a side surface of the first insulating portion, and a second substrate portion including a second insulating portion disposed to cover each of an upper surface of the first insulating portion and an upper surface of the resin layer, and a second wiring layer disposed on or in the second insulating portion.

Abstract: A printed circuit board includes a first substrate portion including a plurality of first insulating layers, a plurality of first wiring layers respectively disposed on the plurality of first insulating layers, and a plurality of first adhesive layers respectively disposed between the plurality of first insulating layers to respectively cover the plurality of first wiring layers; and a second substrate portion disposed on the first substrate portion, and including a plurality of second insulating layers, a plurality of second wiring layers respectively disposed on the plurality of second insulating layers, and a plurality of second adhesive layers respectively disposed between the plurality of second insulating layers to respectively cover the plurality of second wiring layers.

Abstract: A display device includes: a first substrate; a second substrate on the first substrate and exposing a first edge portion of the first substrate, the second substrate protruding beyond a second edge portion of the first substrate; a connection line on the first edge portion of the first substrate, the connection line having a first end portion protruding beyond a first side of the second substrate and a second end portion covered by the second substrate; and a thin-film transistor layer on the second substrate and connected to the connection line. The thin-film transistor layer includes signal lines extending from the first side to a second side of the second substrate. The signal lines extend into contact openings in the thin-film transistor layer and are exposed at a lower part of the second substrate on the second side of the second substrate.

Abstract: There are provided a memory device for supporting a command bus training (CBT) mode and a method of operating the same. The memory device is configured to enter a CBT mode or exit from the CBT mode in response to a logic level of a first data signal, which is not included in second data signals, which are in one-to-one correspondence with command/address signals, which are used to output a CBT pattern in the CBT mode. The memory device is further configured to change a reference voltage value in accordance with a second reference voltage setting code received by terminals associated with the second data signals, to terminate the command/address signals or a pair of data clock signals to a resistance value corresponding to an on-die termination (ODT) code setting stored in a mode register, and to turn off ODT of data signals in the CBT mode.

Abstract: Disclosed are an electrochemical hybrid catalyst that has a configuration in which two species of single atomic metals, that is, nickel (Ni) and iron (Fe), each bonded to (coordinated with) nitrogen in a nitrogen-doped carbon nanostructure, are adjacent to each other and are indirectly linked via nitrogen to form a catalyst site or an active site and thus exhibits high carbon monoxide selectivity and current density at a low overpotential during reduction reaction for converting carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide, and a carbon dioxide conversion system using the same.

Abstract: Methods of forming devices comprise forming a dielectric layer on a substrate, the dielectric layer comprising at least one feature defining a gap including sidewalls and a bottom. A self-assembled monolayer (SAM) is formed on the bottom of the gap, and a barrier layer is formed on the SAM before selectively depositing a metal liner on the barrier layer. The SAM is removed after selectively depositing the metal liner on the barrier layer.