Abstract: A memory device includes first and second material layers alternately stacked; a vertical hole passing through the first and second material layers; first insulating patterns protruding from a side surface of the first material layers exposed through the vertical hole; a blocking layer formed along a surface of the second material layers exposed between the first insulating patterns, the blocking layer comprising a plurality of concave portions, each of which is between the first insulating patterns; and charge trap patterns formed in the concave portions, wherein portions of the blocking layer exposed between the charge trap patterns, wherein a tunnel insulating layer, a channel layer, and a core pillar, are formed in an area that is substantially surrounded by the charge trap patterns.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for controlling motor driven power steering system, the apparatus including: a column torque sensor detecting column torque applied to a steering column of a vehicle; an MDPS logic unit deciding a first command current based on the column torque and vehicle speed; a steering angle position control unit outputting a second command current for driving an MDPS motor in an autonomous driving mode, based on a command steering angle and a current steering angle inputted from an autonomous driving system and a steering angle sensor, respectively; a driver steering intervention determination unit monitoring the column torque of the column torque sensor in an autonomous driving mode, and determining whether a driver has intervened in steering; and an output control unit deciding a final command current by applying the weight decided by the driver steering intervention determination unit to the first and second command currents.

Abstract: Integrated circuit devices and methods of forming the same are provided. The integrated circuit devices may include a backside power distribution network structure (BSPDNS), a logic device region and a passive device region on the BSPDNS, a backside insulating layer including a first portion extending between the BSPDNS and the logic device region and a second portion extending between the BSPDNS and the passive device region, the passive device region including a semiconductor layer that is in the backside insulating layer, and a dam separating the first portion of the backside insulating layer from the semiconductor layer of the passive device region.

Abstract: A steering control apparatus includes: a command steering angle acceleration detector configured to detect a command steering angle acceleration, in an autonomous driving mode, using a command steering angle inputted from an autonomous driving system; an autonomous driving determiner configured to determine whether to cancel the autonomous driving mode using any one or any combination of any two or more of a column torque of a steering shaft, a vehicle speed of a vehicle, and the command steering angle acceleration; and a steering angle controller configured to control a steering angle, in the autonomous driving mode, by adjusting a gain according to a steering angle error between the command steering angle and a current steering angle, based on an output from the command steering angle acceleration detector.

Abstract: A display device includes a display unit including pixels. A sensor unit overlaps with the display unit and includes sensors. A sensor driver transmits a driving signal to the sensors, and receives sensing signals corresponding to the driving signal from the sensors. One sensing period includes a first sensing period and a second sensing period. The sensor driver transmits a first driving signal having a first frequency to the sensors in the first sensing period, and transmits a second driving signal having a second frequency different from the first frequency to the sensors in the second sensing period.

Abstract: Provided is a compound represented by any one of Chemical Formulas 1 to 3, and having a molecular packing density of greater than or equal to about 1.55 molecules/nm3 and photoelectric devices, light absorption sensors, sensor-embedded display panels, and electronic devices including the same. In Chemical Formulas 1 to 3, the definition of each substituent is as described in the specification.

Abstract: A unit of light-emitting elements includes: a plurality of light-emitting elements; and a binder extending around a periphery of the light-emitting elements and fixing the light-emitting elements. Each of the light-emitting elements includes: first and second semiconductor layers; and an active layer therebetween. A first semiconductor layer, an active layer, and a second semiconductor layer of a first light-emitting element are arranged along a first direction in this order, and a second semiconductor layer, an active layer, and a first semiconductor layer of a second light-emitting element are arranged along the first direction in this order.

Abstract: A chip-to-chip process variation aware power efficiency optimization method that includes determining, using an adaptive voltage scaling (AVS) module of a processing unit in a system, an optimal voltage identification (VID) based on chip process variation. The method outputs the optimal VID from the AVS module to a voltage regulator of the system. The method adjusts a direct current (DC) load line setting based on the optimal VID of the processing unit in the system. The method regulates, using the voltage regulator of the system, a voltage supplied to the processing unit based on the DC load line setting.

Abstract: A tray for transporting a semiconductor device includes a plate, a loading portion on the plate and configured to support the semiconductor device, and a sidewall portion on the plate and surrounding at least a portion of the loading portion, wherein the sidewall portion includes a first sidewall, and the first sidewall includes a first inclined portion extending from the loading portion and defining a first angle with respect to an upper surface of the loading portion, and a first guide portion extending from the first inclined portion and defining a second angle with respect to the upper surface of the loading portion, the second angle being smaller than the first angle, and the first angle and the second angle are acute angles.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method of producing an electrochromic composition capable of diversifying colors, an electrochromic composition produced thereby, and an electrochromic device including the electrochromic composition. The electrochromic composition may be produced through a solution direct reaction using an electro-spray machine including two nozzles symmetrically inclined toward a central axis. The method may include preparing, respectively, a first coating composition comprising a first electrochromic compound and a second coating composition comprising a second electrochromic compound; loading, respectively, the first coating composition and the second composition into an electro-spray machine; spraying the first coating composition and the second coating composition under application of a voltage to the electro-spray device; and forming a electrochromic composition by reacting the first electrochromic compound with the second electrochromic compound during spraying.

Abstract: A wafer cleaning apparatus is provided. The wafer cleaning apparatus includes comprising a chamber configured to be loaded with a wafer, a nozzle on the wafer and configured to provide liquid chemicals on an upper surface of the wafer, a housing under the wafer, a laser module configured to irradiate laser on the wafer, a transparent window disposed between the wafer and the laser module, and a controller configured to control on/off of the laser module, wherein the controller is configured to control repetition of turning the laser module on and off, and retain temperature of the wafer within a temperature range, and a ratio of time when the laser module is on in one cycle including on/off of the laser module is 30% to 50%.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a motor driven power steering system of a vehicle and a method thereof are disclosed. The apparatus includes: first and second memories configured to store execution programs therein; and first and second processors operatively coupled to the first and second memories, respectively, wherein the first and second processors are configured to: receive an input of a command steering angle from an upper level system by driving the execution programs, calculate a command current for a position control by receiving a feedback of sensing results from first and second sensing modules configured to sense respective operation states of first and second driving motors for steering vehicle wheels, and drive the first and second driving motors by compensating for the command current after exchanging compensation information by an output limit rate through first and second communication modules.

Abstract: Provided are a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1A or 1B and a photoelectric device, a light absorption sensor, a sensor-embedded display panel, and an electronic device including the same. Details for Chemical Formulas 1A and 1B are as described in the detailed description.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a double-stranded oligonucleotide which can highly specifically and efficiently inhibit an amphiregulin expression and, preferably, a double-stranded oligonucleotide comprising a sequence in the form of RNA/RNA, DNA/DNA or DNA/RNA hybrid, a double-stranded oligonucleotide structure comprising the double-stranded oligonucleotide, nanoparticles comprising the double-stranded oligonucleotide structure, and a fibrosis or respiratory disease preventive or therapeutic use thereof.

Abstract: An emergency steering control apparatus of a four-wheel independent steering system includes a sensor module to detect a malfunction in a steering system of a vehicle provided with a wheel independent steering system and a processor to, when at least one leading wheel in a direction of movement of the vehicle malfunctions during forward movement or reverse movement of the vehicle, control normal wheels located opposite the at least one malfunctioning wheel in the direction of the movement so that the vehicle turns in an intended direction for emergency parking.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a power steering control system with redundant structure and a control method thereof. The power steering control system is configured with a redundant structure for driving control of an autonomous vehicle, the first steering device and second steering device of the redundant power steering control system transmit signals to each other to average command values, and in particular, the speed controllers thereof transmit signals to each other to average them and perform speed control. Accordingly, it is possible to perform accurate position control and stably control driving by ensuring that the redundant power steering control system reduces an error in control signals. In addition, it is possible to improve driving stability by controlling driving normally even if one of the steering devices fails.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus and a method for controlling a redundant steering system. The apparatus includes: a first steering position controller configured to control a first MDPS module based on a first command steering angle from an autonomous driving system and a current steering angle; a second steering position controller configured to control a second MDPS module based on a second command steering angle from the autonomous driving system and the current steering angle; an internal communication interface configured to enable a communication between the first steering position controller and the second steering position controller; and a processor configured to calculate final output information including the current steering angle based on first information output from the first MDPS module and second information output from the second MDPS module, and to apply the final output information to the first steering position controller and the second steering position controller.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a four-wheel independent steering apparatus. The apparatus includes a load estimator configured to receive, from a sensor disposed in a steering system, a value corresponding to a sensing by the sensor, and calculate an amount of load based on the value received from the sensor. The apparatus also includes a processor configured to receive, from an autonomous driving controller that is an upper-level controller, a steering angle reference, calculate an output value for allowing an actual steering angle to track the steering angle reference, based on the steering angle reference, the value from the sensor, and the amount of the load from the load estimator, and output the output value to the steering system.

Abstract: A vehicle steering control apparatus and a method of controlling the vehicle steering control apparatus. When a rotational movement of a steering wheel is detected during autonomous traveling, a steering apparatus is controlled by changing a reference steering angle signal for controlling the steering apparatus, while a vehicle is kept traveling in an autonomous traveling mode for a predetermined time without deactivating the autonomous traveling mode. Thus, a change due to the rotational movement of the steering wheel is compensated for, the instability in autonomous traveling caused by switching between traveling modes is eliminated, and the occurrence of a traffic accident due to deviation from the vehicle's intended traveling course and loss of control is prevented. As a result, the effect of improving the stability in the autonomous traveling can be achieved, ensuring that the vehicle stays on the intended traveling course.

Abstract: An electronic steering control apparatus to which a redundancy system is applied and which includes a first position controller and a second position controller. When communication is established between the first and second position controllers, the first position controller controls the position of a first motor based on command steering angles ?1 and ?2 from a control unit and feedback steering angles ?m1 and ?m2 from the first motor and a second motor, and the second position controller controls the position of the second motor based on the command steering angles ?1 and ?2 from the control unit and the feedback steering angles ?m1 and ?m2 from the first motor and the second motor.