Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and method for detecting abnormal wheel alignment. The apparatus for detecting abnormal wheel alignment includes a sensor module and a processor operatively connected to the sensor module. The processor may calculate a steering angle error indicative of a difference between a target steering angle of a vehicle and a steering angle of the vehicle that has been detected based on lane information obtained by the sensor module, may calculate a rack force error indicative of a difference between a first rack force estimated based on information that has been fed back by a motor driven power steering system (MDPS) module of the vehicle and a second rack force estimated based on information including a yaw rate and lateral acceleration obtained by the sensor module, and may determine whether wheel alignment is abnormal based on at least one of the steering angle error and the rack force error.

Abstract: A chemical liquid supply apparatus is provided and includes an additive supply, a chemical liquid supply, and a controller that controls the additive supply and the chemical liquid supply. The additive supply includes a first tank that receives an additive from an additive container, and a first circulating pipe connected to the first tank. The chemical liquid supply includes an auxiliary tank that receives an etching liquid from another container and receives the additive, and a second circulating pipe connected to the auxiliary tank. The controller provides control so as to: circulate the additive in the first tank; heat the etching liquid in the auxiliary tank using a heater such that a temperature of the etching liquid is increased to a first temperature; supply the additive to the auxiliary tank; and produce a chemical liquid by circulating the etching liquid and the additive at the first temperature.

Abstract: A home port includes: a cylindrical body including: an open upper, a lower end, and an outlet in the lower end of the cylindrical body; a cover covering the open upper end; a pipe connected to the outlet; and a first bracket between the cover and the outlet, wherein a hole is provided in the first bracket, the first bracket has an inclined surface inclined from a first side of the first bracket to a second side of the first bracket, a vertical level of the first side of the first bracket is higher than a vertical level of the second side of the first bracket, and the hole of the first bracket is provided at the second side of the first bracket.

Abstract: A semiconductor chip includes a substrate. a device layer and an interconnection layer sequentially on the substrate, and a bonding pad on the interconnection layer. A bottom surface of the bonding pad may be located at a constant level, and a side surface of the bonding pad may have a roughened shape.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus and method for controlling a motor-driven power steering system. The apparatus for controlling a motor-driven power steering system includes an input/output interface connected to a motor angle sensor, a steering angle sensor, and a position controller, and a processor connected to the input/output interface, wherein, when a failure occurs in the motor angle sensor, the processor calculates a sum value of a result value obtained by applying a first weight value to a motor angle of a driving motor output from the motor angle sensor and a result value obtained by applying a second weight value to a steering angle of a steering wheel output from the steering angle sensor and feed the sum value back to a position controller.

Abstract: A steering control method for a redundant steering system. The method includes: receiving, by a first steering controller and a second steering controller, a first command signal and a second command signal, respectively; and synchronizing control outputs of the first steering controller and the second steering controller in a way that at least one of the first steering controller and the second steering controller compensates a control timing according to the first command signal and the second command signal so that the control outputs are synchronized.

Abstract: An apparatus for four-wheel independent steering. The apparatus may include: a rear wheel angle computation unit configured to compute a rear wheel angle (?r) resulting by multiplying a front wheel angle (?f) by a predetermined front/rear wheel angle ratio (Kss) corresponding to a vehicle speed (V); a gain computation unit configured to compute a gain (A) corresponding to a steering angle acceleration and the vehicle speed and then to output a final rear wheel angle (?r) resulting by multiplying the rear wheel angle (?r) computed by the rear wheel angle computation unit by the computed gain (A); and a control unit configured to perform rear wheel steering control based on the front wheel angle (?f) and the final rear wheel angle (?r).

Abstract: Proposed is an apparatus for rear-wheel steering, the apparatus including a sensor module configured to detect steering and driving information of a rear-wheel steering vehicle; and a processor configured to vary instantaneously a desired yaw rate or turning radius by further adjusting a gear ratio between front and rear wheels in response to column torque and vehicle speed detected through the sensor module, resulting in more dynamic lateral control than previously possible.

Abstract: An emergency steering control apparatus of a four-wheel independent steering system includes a sensor module to detect a malfunction in a steering system of a vehicle provided with a wheel independent steering system and a processor to, when at least one leading wheel in a direction of movement of the vehicle malfunctions during forward movement or reverse movement of the vehicle, control normal wheels located opposite the at least one malfunctioning wheel in the direction of the movement so that the vehicle turns in an intended direction for emergency parking.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a system and method for controlling four-wheel independent steering vehicles. The system includes a steering angle sensor configured to detect a steering angle in relation to movement of a steering wheel, a motor controller configured to change a position of a wheel in response to the steering angle, a parallel movement key configured to set a parallel movement mode, and a processor configured to primarily adjust the position of the wheel through the motor controller by setting the parallel movement mode in response to the input of the parallel movement key and to control the motor controller to secondarily adjust the position of the wheel in response to the steering angle by limiting the steering angle of the steering wheel to a range of a limit angle. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the steering angle from changing significantly.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a 4-wheel independent steering system of a vehicle. The apparatus includes a sensor module, a switch module including a plurality of switches for receiving an instruction for the transition of a steering mode of the 4-wheel independent steering system, and a processor configured to perform a steering mode transition operation of the 4-wheel independent steering system based on a combination of the switches of the switch module.

Abstract: A four-wheel independent steering system and a method of controlling the four-wheel independent steering system. The four-wheel independent steering system includes a front/rear-wheel-angle-ratio calculation unit to calculate a ratio Kss between front and rear wheel angles that allows a body slip angle to converge to ‘0’ and allows a yaw angle and a yaw rate to maintain target values, and a control unit to perform four-wheel steering control based on the ratio Kss between the front and rear wheel angles.

Abstract: A wafer cleaning method is provided. The wafer cleaning method includes providing a wafer on a stage that is inside of a chamber. The wafer is fixed to the stage by moving a grip pin connected to an edge of the stage. First ultrapure water is supplied onto the wafer while the wafer is rotating at a first rotation speed. The grip pin is released from the wafer by moving the grip pin. A development process is performed by supplying liquid chemical onto the wafer while the wafer is rotating at a second rotation speed that is less than the first rotation speed.

Abstract: A sink device comprises processing circuitry configured to, receive a test video from a source device, perform a standardization operation on the test video to generate a standardized video, scale the standardized video to generate a scaled video, perform an image quality processing operation on the scaled video to generate a sampling video, output the sampling video to a display, the display configured to display the sampling video as a final sampling video, and detect at least one error generated in any one of the source device, the processing circuitry, or the display based on pixel values of the test video, the standardized video, the scaled video, the sampling video, and the final sampling video and desired pixel values corresponding to the type pattern included in each of the plurality of frames.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for controlling motor driven power steering system, the apparatus including: a column torque sensor detecting column torque applied to a steering column of a vehicle; an MDPS logic unit deciding a first command current based on the column torque and vehicle speed; a steering angle position control unit outputting a second command current for driving an MDPS motor in an autonomous driving mode, based on a command steering angle and a current steering angle inputted from an autonomous driving system and a steering angle sensor, respectively; a driver steering intervention determination unit monitoring the column torque of the column torque sensor in an autonomous driving mode, and determining whether a driver has intervened in steering; and an output control unit deciding a final command current by applying the weight decided by the driver steering intervention determination unit to the first and second command currents.

Abstract: A steering control apparatus includes: a command steering angle acceleration detector configured to detect a command steering angle acceleration, in an autonomous driving mode, using a command steering angle inputted from an autonomous driving system; an autonomous driving determiner configured to determine whether to cancel the autonomous driving mode using any one or any combination of any two or more of a column torque of a steering shaft, a vehicle speed of a vehicle, and the command steering angle acceleration; and a steering angle controller configured to control a steering angle, in the autonomous driving mode, by adjusting a gain according to a steering angle error between the command steering angle and a current steering angle, based on an output from the command steering angle acceleration detector.

Abstract: A chip-to-chip process variation aware power efficiency optimization method that includes determining, using an adaptive voltage scaling (AVS) module of a processing unit in a system, an optimal voltage identification (VID) based on chip process variation. The method outputs the optimal VID from the AVS module to a voltage regulator of the system. The method adjusts a direct current (DC) load line setting based on the optimal VID of the processing unit in the system. The method regulates, using the voltage regulator of the system, a voltage supplied to the processing unit based on the DC load line setting.

Abstract: A wafer cleaning apparatus is provided. The wafer cleaning apparatus includes comprising a chamber configured to be loaded with a wafer, a nozzle on the wafer and configured to provide liquid chemicals on an upper surface of the wafer, a housing under the wafer, a laser module configured to irradiate laser on the wafer, a transparent window disposed between the wafer and the laser module, and a controller configured to control on/off of the laser module, wherein the controller is configured to control repetition of turning the laser module on and off, and retain temperature of the wafer within a temperature range, and a ratio of time when the laser module is on in one cycle including on/off of the laser module is 30% to 50%.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a motor driven power steering system of a vehicle and a method thereof are disclosed. The apparatus includes: first and second memories configured to store execution programs therein; and first and second processors operatively coupled to the first and second memories, respectively, wherein the first and second processors are configured to: receive an input of a command steering angle from an upper level system by driving the execution programs, calculate a command current for a position control by receiving a feedback of sensing results from first and second sensing modules configured to sense respective operation states of first and second driving motors for steering vehicle wheels, and drive the first and second driving motors by compensating for the command current after exchanging compensation information by an output limit rate through first and second communication modules.

Abstract: An emergency steering control apparatus of a four-wheel independent steering system includes a sensor module to detect a malfunction in a steering system of a vehicle provided with a wheel independent steering system and a processor to, when at least one leading wheel in a direction of movement of the vehicle malfunctions during forward movement or reverse movement of the vehicle, control normal wheels located opposite the at least one malfunctioning wheel in the direction of the movement so that the vehicle turns in an intended direction for emergency parking.