Abstract: An aerosol generating device includes a main body including a semi-exterior portion having an accommodation space into which a cigarette is inserted, a cartridge detachably coupled to the semi-exterior portion, an antenna arranged on a surface of the semi-exterior portion to face a surface of the cartridge, a sensor configured to sense a capacitance of the antenna, and a controller electrically connected to the sensor. The controller is configured to determine, based on the capacitance, a residual quantity of an aerosol generating material in the cartridge and whether or not the cartridge is detached.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a cartridge includes plasma-treating at least a portion of a region of a storage of a cartridge, applying an adhesive to the region of the storage which is plasma-treated, and sealing the storage by coupling a cover to the region of the storage to which the adhesive is applied.

Abstract: An aerosol generating device includes a housing including an accommodation space, a cartridge detachably coupled to the accommodation space of the housing, and including a storage, in which an aerosol generating material is stored, and an atomizer configured to vaporize the aerosol generating material, a sensor arranged in a portion adjacent to the accommodation space of the housing and configured to detect capacitance of the storage, a cover arranged between the cartridge and the sensor and configured to protect the sensor, and a processor electrically connected to the sensor, wherein the processor is configured to detect a remaining amount of the aerosol generating material stored in the storage, based on the capacitance of the storage detected by the sensor.

Abstract: An aerosol generating device includes a vaporizer configured to generate aerosol from an aerosol generating material, a medium accommodating portion in which a medium through which the aerosol generated by the vaporizer passes is accommodated, a path through which the aerosol generated by the vaporizer flows, and a chamber located between the path and the medium accommodating portion, having an inner diameter greater than an inner diameter of the path, and configured to deliver the aerosol supplied from the path to the medium accommodating portion.

Abstract: An aerosol generating device includes a case including an accommodation space to accommodate an aerosol generating article and configured to accommodate at least one electronic component, a heater arranged in the accommodation space and configured to heat the aerosol generating article accommodated in the accommodation space, a cartridge detachably coupled to the case and including a storage which stores an aerosol generating material, and a vaporizer configured to receive and heat the aerosol generating material, wherein the case includes a vent formed between the accommodation space and the cartridge, and configured to be through which air heated by the heat generated from the heater or the vaporizer passes.

Abstract: A hybrid vehicle includes an engine configured to generate power for driving the vehicle by combustion of fuel. The hybrid vehicle also includes a drive motor configured to generate another power for driving the vehicle and selectively generate electrical energy by operating as a generator. The hybrid vehicle also includes a battery configured to supply electrical energy to the drive motor or to be charged by the electrical energy generated by the drive motor. The hybrid vehicle also includes the controller configured to control an operation of the engine by using different torque maps based on a driver's requested torque, a state of charge (SOC) of the battery, a drive mode of the vehicle, an operation state of a full automatic temperature controller (FATC), and a coolant temperature.

Abstract: A vaporizer for an aerosol generating device includes a storage unit storing an aerosol generating material, and a heating chamber configured to heat the aerosol generating material, wherein the heating chamber includes a wick extending in a longitudinal direction and configured to absorb the aerosol generating material, a coil wound around the wick and configured to heat the aerosol generating material absorbed into the wick, and an accommodation portion configured to accommodate the wick, a diameter of wire of the coil is 0.15 mm to 0.2 mm, the number of turns of the coil is 6 times to 9 times, and an ohmic loss in the coil is less than 8 watts (W).

Abstract: A pouch for an aerosol generating device includes a liquid composition that generates an aerosol when heated, and a water-soluble film surrounding the liquid composition.

Abstract: Provided is a vaporizer including a storage for storing an aerosol generating material, a generator configured to generate an aerosol from the aerosol generating material, and an accommodating unit including a chamber configured to accommodate the generator, and an inlet configured to introduce air into the chamber, wherein the accommodating unit includes a plurality of walls surrounding the chamber, and at least some of the plurality of walls include an inclined surface.

Abstract: A method of controlling an aerosol generating device includes measuring a temperature of a heater, selecting one of a plurality of temperature correction algorithms, based on the measured temperature, and correcting the measured temperature by applying the selected temperature correction algorithm. In addition, a method of controlling an aerosol generating device includes measuring a temperature of a heater operating in an operation section including a plurality of sections, determining, from among the plurality of sections, a current section in which the heater is operating, selecting one of a plurality of temperature correction algorithms, based on the selected current section of the heater, and correcting the measured temperature of the heater by applying the selected temperature correction algorithm.

Abstract: A system for humidification of a fuel cell electric vehicle includes a fuel cell stack for producing electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, a water supply tank for storing water generated during power generation in the fuel cell stack, a first duct for supplying air exhausted from a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) apparatus to a vehicle glass, a second duct for supplying air exhausted from the HVAC apparatus into the vehicle interior, a humidification apparatus for humidifying air supplied through the second duct using water supplied from the water supply tank, and a controller that supplies air to the vehicle glass through the first duct to perform anti-fogging control of the vehicle glass when adjusting an inside humidity of the vehicle using the humidification apparatus.

Abstract: A system for predicting a negative pressure of a brake booster of a vehicle includes: a driving information detector detecting driving information related to driving of the vehicle; and a controller determining a negative pressure of an intake manifold based on a pressure of the intake manifold and an atmospheric pressure which is the driving information and including a booster negative pressure predictor predicting the negative pressure of the brake booster by integrating over time a change rate according to a charging rate and a discharging rate of the negative pressure determined using a negative pressure of the brake booster determined in a previous cycle according to a logic for predicting the negative pressure of the brake booster and the negative pressure of the intake manifold of a current cycle and an imitated brake pedal force signal of the current cycle imitating an acceleration of the vehicle.

Abstract: A system includes a plurality of sensors configured to sense an opening/closing of a door, fastening/unfastening of a seat safety belt, and change in a vehicle height; a first processor configured to determine the number of all occupants in the vehicle by the opening/closing of the door, the fastening/unfastening of the seat safety belt, and the change in the vehicle height sensed by the plurality of sensors and preliminarily determine an internal circulation ratio of the air conditioning system according to the determined number of all occupants in the vehicle; a second processor configured to adjust the internal circulation ratio which is preliminarily determined by the first processor according to at least one of a sound intensity and a sound duration time in the vehicle; and a controller configured to control the air conditioning system according to the adjusted internal circulation ratio.

Abstract: Vehicle control apparatus and vehicle control method are described. The vehicle control apparatus may include a compressor and a controller. The controller may determine a thermal load level at one or more of: a first time point at which an engine is switched to an ON state from an OFF state, a second time point at which a first discharge amount of the battery exceeds a first reference value while the engine is in the OFF state, or a third time point at which a second discharge amount of the battery exceeds a second reference value smaller than the first reference value and a discharge rate associated with the battery exceeds a third reference value while the engine is in the OFF state. The controller may control the compressor using a control value corresponding to the thermal load level.

Abstract: A system for predicting a negative pressure of a brake booster of a vehicle includes: a driving information detector detecting driving information related to driving of the vehicle; and a controller determining a negative pressure of an intake manifold based on a pressure of the intake manifold and an atmospheric pressure which is the driving information and including a booster negative pressure predictor predicting the negative pressure of the brake booster by integrating over time a change rate according to a charging rate and a discharging rate of the negative pressure determined using a negative pressure of the brake booster determined in a previous cycle according to a logic for predicting the negative pressure of the brake booster and the negative pressure of the intake manifold of a current cycle and an imitated brake pedal force signal of the current cycle imitating an acceleration of the vehicle.

Abstract: A system for predicting a negative pressure of a brake booster of a vehicle includes: a driving information detector configured to detect driving information according to driving of the vehicle; and a controller configured to calculate a negative pressure of an intake manifold based on a pressure of the intake manifold and an atmospheric pressure that is the driving information and including a booster negative pressure predictor configured to predict the negative pressure of the brake booster by integrating over time a change rate according to a charging rate and a discharging rate of the negative pressure calculated using a previous negative pressure of the brake booster calculated in a previous cycle according to a logic for predicting the negative pressure of the brake booster and the negative pressure of the intake manifold and a brake pedal force of a current cycle.

Abstract: A system for predicting a negative pressure of a brake booster of a vehicle includes: a driving information detector detecting driving information related to driving of the vehicle; and a controller determining a negative pressure of an intake manifold based on a pressure of the intake manifold and an atmospheric pressure which is the driving information and including a booster negative pressure predictor predicting the negative pressure of the brake booster by integrating over time a change rate according to a charging rate and a discharging rate of the negative pressure determined using a negative pressure of the brake booster determined in a previous cycle according to a logic for predicting the negative pressure of the brake booster and the negative pressure of the intake manifold of a current cycle and an imitated brake pedal force signal of the current cycle imitating an acceleration of the vehicle.

Abstract: Vehicle control apparatus and vehicle control method are described. The vehicle control apparatus may include a compressor and a controller. The controller may determine a thermal load level at one or more of: a first time point at which an engine is switched to an ON state from an OFF state, a second time point at which a first discharge amount of the battery exceeds a first reference value while the engine is in the OFF state, or a third time point at which a second discharge amount of the battery exceeds a second reference value smaller than the first reference value and a discharge rate associated with the battery exceeds a third reference value while the engine is in the OFF state. The controller may control the compressor using a control value corresponding to the thermal load level.

Abstract: A system for humidifying a vehicle that is a fuel cell electric vehicle includes a fuel cell stack for producing electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, a water supply tank for storing water generated during electricity generation in the fuel cell stack, a HVAC apparatus for humidifying an interior of the vehicle using the water supplied from the water supply tank, a heater for generating steam by heating the water supplied from the water supply tank, and supplying the steam to the HVAC apparatus, and a controller that determines an operation mode of the system based on at least one of a vehicle state, a HVAC apparatus state, or an indoor temperature of the vehicle, and controls at least one of the HVAC apparatus or the heater based on the determined operation mode to control indoor humidification of the vehicle.

Abstract: An electronic control valve for an HVAC system of a vehicle may include, in the electronic control valve configured to control the angle of a swash plate (angle with respect to the surface perpendicular to a rotation shaft of a compressor) in the compressor in an HVAC system, a solenoid, a plunger coupled to the solenoid member and configured to slid according to whether the solenoid is magnetized, a valve body formed integrally with the plunger, and configured to open or close a supply flow path through which a fluid flows into the compressor, a discharge flow path through which a fluid is discharged from the compressor, and a control flow path through a fluid flows to control the angle of the swash plate mounted inside the compressor, a diaphragm configured to operate the plunger by the pressure of refrigerant, and a return spring configured to return the plunger, and the solenoid is applied with power according to a vehicle target cooling load.