Abstract: A transmitter and a receiver are provided. The transmitter includes a processing unit configured to receive a clock signal and a data signal, set a value of a consecutive identical digit (CID) value related to the data signal and generate a modulation signal during a unit interval (UI) based on the data signal and the CID value, and a transmitter driver configured to output output signals having different voltage levels during the unit interval by receiving the modulation signal.

Abstract: Provided are an electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery including the electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte further includes a solid salt as an additive, wherein the solid salt contains one type of cation selected from ammonium-based cations and a thiocyanate anion (SCN?). According an embodiment, the lithium secondary battery may have improved life characteristics by providing the electrolyte containing the additive.

Abstract: Provided is an electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery having the same, the electrolyte solution further including an expressed solid salt which has an ammonium-based cation and a cyanide anion (CN?). According to an embodiment of the present invention, an electrolyte solution including the solid salt may be provided, and thus the problem of decrease in stability of a negative electrode due to copper ions that are dissolved from a copper current collector in a high-temperature environment may be resolved. Therefore, a lithium secondary battery having excellent battery performance such as battery capacity, charging and discharging efficiency, and cycle characteristics even under a high-temperature condition may be provided.

Abstract: An electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery includes a lithium salt, an organic solvent, and a solid salt as an additive, the solid salt including at least one cation selected from ammonium-based cations and an azide anion (N3—). Using the electrolyte solution including the additive may provide a lithium secondary battery with improved high-temperature retention characteristics.

Abstract: Provided is an electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery having the same, the electrolyte solution further including an expressed solid salt which has an ammonium-based cation and a cyanide anion (CN?). According to an embodiment of the present invention, an electrolyte solution including the solid salt may be provided, and thus the problem of decrease in stability of a negative electrode due to copper ions that are dissolved from a copper current collector in a high-temperature environment may be resolved. Therefore, a lithium secondary battery having excellent battery performance such as battery capacity, charging and discharging efficiency, and cycle characteristics even under a high-temperature condition may be provided.

Abstract: Provided are a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery, a method of fabricating the same, and a lithium secondary battery including the same. The cathode active material includes a lithium composite transition metal oxide represented by Li1+(c-a)/2NiaCobMncO2-xFx (0.1?c?a?0.4, 0.13?a?0.3, 0.03?b?0.2, 0.4?c?0.6, (a+b+c)+(1+(c?a)/2)=2, 0<x?0.15, 1?a/b?6, 1.9?c/a?4.0, and 0.04?b/(a+b+c)?0.25), and layer-structured Li2MnO3. Since the lithium secondary battery including the cathode active material has a large capacity and generates less gas, lifespan characteristics and high rate capability are significantly improved, and especially voltage variation during charging and discharging operations is small.

Abstract: Provided are an electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery including the electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte further includes a solid salt as an additive, wherein the solid salt contains one type of cation selected from ammonium-based cations and a thiocyanate anion (SCN?). According an embodiment, the lithium secondary battery may have improved life characteristics by providing the electrolyte containing the additive.

Abstract: An electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery includes a lithium salt, an organic solvent, and a solid salt as an additive, the solid salt including at least one cation selected from ammonium-based cations and an azide anion (N3—). Using the electrolyte solution including the additive may provide a lithium secondary battery with improved high-temperature retention characteristics.

Abstract: Provided are an electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery, and a lithium secondary battery including the electrolyte solution. The electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery includes a lithium salt, an organic solvent, and further quaternary ammonium hexafluorophosphate as a solid salt.

Abstract: Provided are a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery, a method of fabricating the same, and a lithium secondary battery including the same. The cathode active material includes a lithium composite transition metal oxide represented by Li1+(c?a)/2NiaCobMncO2-xFx (0.1?c?a?0.4, 0.13?a?0.3, 0.03?b?0.2, 0.4?c?0.6, (a+b+c)+(1+(c?a)/2)=2, 0<x?0.15, 1?a/b?6, 1.9?c/a?4.0, and 0.04?b/(a+b+c)?0.25), and layer-structured Li2MnO3. Since the lithium secondary battery including the cathode active material has a large capacity and generates less gas, lifespan characteristics and high rate capability are significantly improved, and especially voltage variation during charging and discharging operations is small.

Abstract: A zinc oxide-based conductor includes ZnO co-doped with gallium and manganese. Preferably, the doping concentration of the gallium ranges from 0.01 at % to 10 at % and the doping concentration of the manganese ranges from 0.01 at % to 5 at %. More preferably, the doping concentration of the gallium ranges from 2 at % to 8 at % and the doping concentration of the manganese ranges from 0.1 at % to 2 at %. Still more preferably, the doping concentration of the gallium ranges from 4 at % to 6 at % and the doping concentration of the manganese ranges from 0.2 at % to 1.5 at %. The zinc oxide-based conductor is a transparent conductor that is used as an electrode of a solar cell or a liquid crystal display.

Abstract: An electrode plate for a dye-sensitized photovoltaic cell includes a transparent substrate and a transparent conductive film. The transparent conductive film includes a zinc oxide thin film layer formed over the transparent substrate, the zinc oxide thin film layer being doped with gallium, and a tin oxide thin film layer formed over the zinc oxide thin film layer, the tin oxide thin film layer being doped with a dopant.

Abstract: A zinc oxide-based conductor includes ZnO co-doped with gallium and manganese. Preferably, the doping concentration of the gallium ranges from 0.01 at % to 10 at % and the doping concentration of the manganese ranges from 0.01 at % to 5 at %. More preferably, the doping concentration of the gallium ranges from 2 at % to 8 at % and the doping concentration of the manganese ranges from 0.1 at % to 2 at %. Still more preferably, the doping concentration of the gallium ranges from 4 at % to 6 at % and the doping concentration of the manganese ranges from 0.2 at % to 1.5 at %. The zinc oxide-based conductor is a transparent conductor that is used as an electrode of a solar cell or a liquid crystal display.

Abstract: A car defogging system reduces energy required to defog a windshield glass of the car. A temperature sensor mounted at the windshield glass detects the glass surface temperature, Ts. A humidity sensor spaced from the windshield glass by a predetermined distance detects the humidity, H, around the windshield glass. A temperature sensor mounted inside the windshield glass detects peripheral temperature Te around the glass. A system controller determines if fog is or is not present by comparing the dew point temperature Td with the surface temperature Ts. Dew point temperature Td is derived by the combining values of H and a temperature Tc based on a combination of Ts and Te.

Abstract: An automotive vehicle defogging system prevents dissipation of energy required to defog the automotive vehicle wind shield. A surface temperature sensor mounted on the wind shield detects the glass surface temperature. A humidity sensor spaced from the wind shield glass by a predetermined distance detects the humidity around the wind shield. A peripheral temperature sensor mounted inside from the wind shield glass detects peripheral temperature around the glass. Dew point temperature is obtained in response to the detected humidity H and a temperature value based on the temperatures detected by the surface and peripheral temperature sensors. The presence of fog is detected by comparing the dew point temperature with the surface temperature Ts.