Abstract: Provided is a surface acoustic wave filter with improved attenuation characteristics.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a substrate heat-treating apparatus including a process chamber in which a flat substrate to be heat treated is placed, the process chamber comprising a beam transmitting plate placed below the flat substrate and an infrared transmitting plate placed above the flat substrate; a beam irradiating module for irradiating a VCSEL beam having a single wavelength to a lower surface of the flat substrate through the beam transmitting plate; and an emissivity measuring configured to measure the laser beam reflected from the lower surface or an upper surface the flat substrate, thereby measuring the emissivity of the flat substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a machine tool including a ram spindle and a tool holder, and provides a machine tool comprising: a tool holder including at least two inserts; and a ram spindle capable of fixing the tool holder in a clamped state or rotating the tool holder in order to change the position of the insert, such that the position of the insert can be quickly changed, thereby enabling an improvement in productivity and precision and a reduction in product costs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a machine tool including a ram spindle and a tool holder, and provides a machine tool comprising: a tool holder including at least two inserts; and a ram spindle capable of fixing the tool holder in a clamped state or rotating the tool holder in order to change the position of the insert, such that the position of the insert can be quickly changed, thereby enabling an improvement in productivity and precision and a reduction in product costs.