Abstract: A positive electrode active material includes a lithium transition metal oxide, which is doped with doping element M2, wherein M2 includes at least one of Al, Ti, Mg, Zr, W, Y, Sr, Co, F, Si, Na, Cu, Fe, Ca, S, or B, and contains nickel in an amount of 60 mol % or more based on a total number of moles of transition metals excluding lithium, wherein the lithium transition metal oxide has a single particle form, and includes a center portion having a layered structure and a surface portion having a rock-salt structure, and the doping element M2 is included in an amount of 3,580 ppm to 7,620 ppm based on a total weight of the positive electrode active material.

Abstract: Provided are a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery containing the same. The positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode mixture layer disposed thereon and includes a positive electrode active material, a positive electrode additive represented by Formula 1 (LipCo(1-q)M1qO4), a conductive material, and a binder. Furthermore, Equation 1 (RLCZO/R0) is 1.55 or less, wherein RLCO represents an electrode sheet resistance when the positive electrode additive represented by Formula 1 is contained in the positive electrode mixture layer, and R0 represents an electrode sheet resistance when the positive electrode additive represented by Formula 1 is not contained in the positive electrode mixture layer. The positive electrode is manufactured using a pre-dispersion containing the positive electrode additive in a positive electrode mixture layer as an irreversible additive.

Abstract: A semiconductor device may include: a flying capacitor connected between a first node and a second node; a first inductor having a first end connected to the flying capacitor through the first node and a second end connected to an output node; and a second inductor having a first end connected to the flying capacitor through the second node and a second end connected to the output node, wherein the semiconductor device is configurable in a plurality of different states based on a plurality of different operational phases, and wherein the flying capacitor is configured to float in a first phase, is configured to be discharged through the first inductor in a second phase that is different from the first phase, and is configured to be charged through the second inductor in a third phase that is different from the first phase and the second phase.

Abstract: A positive electrode material powder including a lithium nickel-based oxide represented by Chemical Formula 1 (LiaNibCocM1dM2eO2) and having a degree of single-particle formation, represented by the following Equation (1), of 0.3 to 0.8: ? i = 1 n 4 ? ? 3 ? R i 3 n × 1 D 50 . In Equation (1), Ri is a radius of the ith grain as measured by subjecting an electrode manufactured using the positive electrode material powder to ion milling and then analyzing the cross section of the electrode by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), n is the total number of grains as measured by the EBSD analysis and ranges from 350 to 450, and D50 is a volume-cumulative average particle diameter of the positive electrode material powder as measured using a laser diffraction particle size analyzer.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material is disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a positive electrode active material includes a lithium composite transition metal oxide in the form of at least one of single particles or pseudo-single particles, wherein each single particle consists of one nodule, and each pseudo-single particle is a composite of 30 or fewer nodules, wherein the lithium composite transition metal oxide includes Ni, Co, Mn, and Al, wherein a molar ratio of the number of moles of Ni to the total number of moles of all metal elements except lithium is 0.83 to less than 1, a molar ratio of the number of moles of Co to the number of moles of Mn is 0.5 to less than 1, and a molar ratio ratio of the number of moles of Co to the number of moles of Al is 5 to 15.

Abstract: A composite pad and a battery module including the same are disclosed. The composite pad is a pad including a first pad surface and a second pad surface positioned opposite the first pad surface. The composite pad includes a pad body with elasticity, and a heat conduction part with thermal conductivity coupled to the pad body and connected to an edge of the pad. The pad body forms at least a portion of the first pad surface and forms at least a portion of the second pad surface.

Abstract: A semiconductor device including a lower contact pattern including a first metal, an upper contact pattern including a second metal, a first resistivity of first metal being greater than a second resistivity of the second metal, and a metal barrier layer between the lower contact pattern and a lower portion of the upper contact pattern, the metal barrier layer including a third metal, the third metal being different from the first and second metals may be provided. A lower width of the upper contact pattern may be less than an upper width of the lower contact pattern.

Abstract: A memory system includes: a memory controller suitable for: generating a normal refresh command and a target refresh command when a number of inputs of an active command reaches a certain number, and providing the active command, the normal refresh command, the target refresh command, and an address; and a memory device including a plurality of banks and suitable for: performing a target refresh operation on one or more word lines of at least one bank in response to the target refresh command, determining a row hammer risk level per bank by counting, within a periodic interval, a number of inputs of the target refresh command per bank based on the address, and performing a hidden refresh operation corresponding to the row hammer risk level per bank in response to the normal refresh command.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate including an active pattern, a channel pattern and a source/drain pattern that are on the active pattern and connected to each other, and an active contact electrically connected to the source/drain pattern. The active contact includes a first barrier metal and a first filler metal on the first barrier metal, and the first barrier metal includes a metal nitride layer. The first filler metal includes at least one of molybdenum, tungsten, ruthenium, cobalt, or vanadium. The first filler metal includes a first crystalline region having a body-centered cubic (BCC) structure and a second crystalline region having a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure. A proportion of the first crystalline region in the first filler metal ranges from 60% to 99%.

Abstract: A device may include a light-emitting diode (LED) array including a plurality of LEDs, a rectifier configured to supply an input voltage rectified from an AC voltage to the LED array, an LED driver configured to drain an LED driving current from the LED array, and a current distributor configured to sense a first current passing through at least one first LED from among the plurality of LEDs and supply a second current to at least one second LED from among the plurality of LEDs based on the first current.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a positive electrode material which includes a first positive electrode active material and a second positive electrode active material, wherein the second positive electrode active material has an electrical conductivity of 0.1 ?S/cm to 150 ?S/cm, which is measured after the second positive electrode active material is prepared in the form of a pellet by compressing the second positive electrode active material at a rolling load of 400 kgf to 2,000 kgf, a method of preparing the positive electrode material, and a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery which include the positive electrode material.

Abstract: A device may include a light-emitting diode (LED) array including a plurality of LEDs, a rectifier configured to supply an input voltage rectified from an AC voltage to the LED array, an LED driver configured to drain an LED driving current from the LED array, and a current distributor configured to sense a first current passing through at least one first LED from among the plurality of LEDs and supply a second current to at least one second LED from among the plurality of LEDs based on the first current.

Abstract: A light emitting diode (LED) driving device for driving an LED array including one or more LEDs includes a rectifier configured to provide a rectified voltage obtained from an alternating current (AC) voltage to the LED array, an LED driver configured to sequentially drain an LED driving current from the LED array via a plurality of first nodes, and a first switch circuit connected to the LED array via a plurality of second nodes. The first switch circuit includes a plurality of first switches commonly connected to a first common node which is one of the plurality of first nodes, and respectively connected to the plurality of second nodes, and a first controller configured to control the plurality of first switches to be sequentially turned on and sequentially turned off.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material layer formed on a positive electrode collector, wherein the positive electrode active material layer has a two-layer structure including a first positive electrode active material layer, which is formed on the positive electrode collector and includes a first positive electrode active material represented by Formula 1 and a second positive electrode active material represented by Formula 2, and a second positive electrode active material layer which is formed on the first positive electrode active material layer and includes a third positive electrode active material represented by Formula 1, wherein an average particle diameter D50 of the third positive electrode active material is the same or different from an average particle diameter D50 of the first positive electrode active material, and a lithium secondary battery including the same.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material powder for a lithium secondary battery, which includes a lithium composite transition metal oxide in the form of a single particle consisting of one nodule, or a pseudo-single crystal, which is a composite of 30 or less nodules, where the positive electrode active material powder satisfies Expression 1: 0.5?Dmean33 dpress/D50?3.Where Dmean is an average particle diameter of the nodules as measured using an electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) pattern analyzer, dpress is a press density measured after 5 g of the positive electrode active material powder is input into a circular mold with a diameter of 2 cm and pressurized at a pressure of 2000 kgf, and D50 is a value corresponding to a cumulative volume of 50% in the particle size distribution of the positive electrode active material powder.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material for a secondary battery is provided. The positive electrode active material being a lithium cobalt-based oxide includes a doping element M. A lithium cobalt-based oxide particle containing the doping element M in an amount of 3,000 ppm or more, wherein in a bulk portion corresponding to 90% of a core side among the radius from a core of the particle to a surface thereof, the doping element M in the lithium cobalt-based oxide particle is contained at a constant concentration, and in a surface portion from the surface of the particle to 100 nm in a core direction, the doping element M is contained at a concentration equal to or higher than that in the bulk portion and has a concentration in which the concentration thereof is gradient gradually decreased in the core direction from the surface of the particle.

Abstract: The present invention provides a positive electrode active material precursor for a secondary battery which includes primary particles of Co3O4 or CoOOH, wherein the primary particle contains a doping element in an amount of 3,000 ppm or more, and has an average particle diameter (D50) of 15 ?m or more, and a positive electrode active material for a secondary battery which includes particles of a lithium cobalt-based oxide, wherein the primary particle contains a doping element in an amount of 2,500 ppm or more, and has an average particle diameter (D50) of 15 ?m or more.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material and a method for producing the same are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a positive electrode active material includes a lithium-nickel-based oxide in the form of at least one of single particles or a pseudo-single particles, wherein each single particle consists of one nodule, wherein each pseudo-primary particles is a composite of 30 or fewer nodules, wherein on the surface of the lithium-nickel-based oxide, a number of nickel ions having an oxidation number of +3 or higher is greater than a number of nickel ions having an oxidation number less than +3.

Abstract: A light emitting diode (LED) driving device for driving an LED array including one or more LEDs includes a rectifier configured to provide a rectified voltage obtained from an alternating current (AC) voltage to the LED array, an LED driver configured to sequentially drain an LED driving current from the LED array via a plurality of first nodes, and a first switch circuit connected to the LED array via a plurality of second nodes. The first switch circuit includes a plurality of first switches commonly connected to a first common node which is one of the plurality of first nodes, and respectively connected to the plurality of second nodes, and a first controller configured to control the plurality of first switches to be sequentially turned on and sequentially turned off.

Abstract: A method for producing a positive electrode active material, a positive electrode active material produced thereby, and a positive electrode and a lithium secondary battery including the same are provided. The method includes preparing a nickel-manganese-aluminum precursor having an atomic fraction of nickel of 90 atm % or greater in all transition metals, and mixing the nickel-manganese-aluminum precursor, a cobalt raw material, and a lithium raw material and heat treating the mixture.