Abstract: Provided is a positive electrode active material which includes an inner region that is a region from the center of the positive electrode active material particle to R/2, and an outer region that is a region from R/2 to the surface of the positive electrode active material particle, wherein R is a distance from the center of the positive electrode active material particle to the surface thereof. The positive electrode active material further includes 25% to 80% of crystallites C with respect to a total number of crystallites in the outer region. The crystallites C have a high crystallite long-axis orientation degree of 0.5 to 1 and a low crystallite c-axis orientation degree less than 0.5. Thus, the positive electrode active material has high capacity characteristics and a small amount of gas generated.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a substrate heat-treating apparatus including a process chamber in which a flat substrate to be heat treated is placed, the process chamber comprising a beam transmitting plate placed below the flat substrate and an infrared transmitting plate placed above the flat substrate; a beam irradiating module for irradiating a VCSEL beam having a single wavelength to a lower surface of the flat substrate through the beam transmitting plate; and an temperature measuring module configured to measure the laser beam reflected from the lower surface or an upper surface the flat substrate, thereby measuring the temperature of the flat substrate.

Abstract: Provided is a positive electrode active material which includes an inner region that is a region from the center of the positive electrode active material particle to R/2; and an outer region that is a region from R/2 to the surface of the positive electrode active material particle, wherein R is a distance from the center of the positive electrode active material particle to the surface thereof. The positive electrode active material further includes 30% to 80% of crystallites A with respect to a total number of crystallites in the outer region of the positive electrode active material, the crystallites A having high crystallite long-axis orientation degree and crystallite c-axis orientation degree. Thus, the positive electrode active material can achieve excellent capacity characteristics and service life characteristics.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a substrate heat-treating apparatus including a process chamber in which a flat substrate to be heat treated is placed, the process chamber comprising a beam transmitting plate placed below the flat substrate and an infrared transmitting plate placed above the flat substrate; a beam irradiating module for irradiating a VCSEL beam having a single wavelength to a lower surface of the flat substrate through the beam transmitting plate; and an emissivity measuring configured to measure the laser beam reflected from the lower surface or an upper surface the flat substrate, thereby measuring the emissivity of the flat substrate.

Abstract: An optical sensor includes a substrate, a photoelectric element disposed on the substrate and that includes a first electrode, an intermediate layer disposed on the first electrode, and a second electrode disposed on the intermediate layer, a barrier layer disposed on the second electrode, an insulating layer that covers the photoelectric element and the barrier layer, and a bias electrode disposed on the insulating layer and electrically connected to the second electrode. The barrier layer is spaced apart from the first electrode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a stator coil winding machine including: a stator transfer unit adapted to transfer a linear type stator having a plurality of stator cores in directions of X and Y axes; a winding guide unit adapted to guide the transferred stator to coil winding; a winding unit adapted to wind a coil on the stator; a tension adjusting unit adapted to adjust tension on the coil being wound on the stator; and a controller adapted to control operations of the stator transfer unit, the winding guide unit, and the winding unit to allow the coil to be wound on the stator by means of three-phase Y connection, based on a previously set winding sequence.

Abstract: Provided is a stator coil winding machine including: a stator transfer unit adapted to transfer a linear type stator having a plurality of stator cores in directions of X and Y axes; a winding guide unit adapted to guide the transferred stator to coil winding; a winding unit adapted to wind a coil on the stator; a tension adjusting unit adapted to adjust tension on the coil being wound on the stator; and a controller adapted to control operations of the stator transfer unit, the winding guide unit, and the winding unit to allow the coil to be wound on the stator by means of three-phase Y connection on the basis of a previously set winding sequence.

Abstract: Provided is a stator coil winding machine including: a stator transfer unit adapted to transfer a linear type stator having a plurality of stator cores in directions of X and Y axes; a winding guide unit adapted to guide the transferred stator to coil winding; a winding unit adapted to wind a coil on the stator; a tension adjusting unit adapted to adjust tension on the coil being wound on the stator; and a controller adapted to control operations of the stator transfer unit, the winding guide unit, and the winding unit to allow the coil to be wound on the stator by means of three-phase Y connection on the basis of a previously set winding sequence.