Abstract: A laser welding apparatus for laser-welding a first welding target and a second welding target seated on the first welding target includes a first jig on which the first welding target is seated, a second jig configured to press the first welding target such that the first welding target is adhered to the first jig, a third jig configured to press the second welding target such that the second welding target is adhered to the first welding target, one or more connection members connecting the second jig and the third jig such that the second welding target is pressed by the second jig when the first welding target is pressed by the first jig, and a laser head configured to laser-weld the first welding target and the second welding target by irradiating a laser beam to a specific welding part of the second welding target.

Abstract: A data storage device includes a first volatile memory device, a first scale-out storage, and a first controller. The first controller is configured to control the first volatile memory device and the first scale-out storage and to execute first firmware. The first scale-out storage includes a second volatile memory device, a first non-volatile memory device, and a second controller. The second controller is configured to control the second volatile memory device and the first non-volatile memory device and to execute second firmware. The first controller boots the first firmware after booting of the second firmware is completed by the second controller.

Abstract: A fuel cell stack enclosure includes: a lower housing disposed under a fuel cell stack and having a bottom plate portion provided with a water outlet therein; a sealing cap closing the water outlet from an outside of the lower housing; and an elastic member elastically pulling the sealing cap toward the bottom plate portion of the lower housing.

Abstract: A data storage device includes a first volatile memory device, a first scale-out storage, and a first controller. The first controller is configured to control the first volatile memory device and the first scale-out storage and to execute first firmware. The first scale-out storage includes a second volatile memory device, a first non-volatile memory device, and a second controller. The second controller is configured to control the second volatile memory device and the first non-volatile memory device and to execute second firmware. The first controller boots the first firmware after booting of the second firmware is completed by the second controller.

Abstract: A ventilation apparatus includes: a controller that determines whether insulation resistance between a fuel cell stack and an enclosure including the fuel cell stack is equal to or smaller than a preset value, and varies a degree of opening of a valve provided between an inlet provided on one side of the enclosure and an air blower injecting air to an interior of the enclosure through the inlet based on the determination.

Abstract: A fuel cell stack enclosure includes: a lower housing disposed under a fuel cell stack and having a bottom plate portion provided with a water outlet therein; a sealing cap closing the water outlet from an outside of the lower housing; and an elastic member elastically pulling the sealing cap toward the bottom plate portion of the lower housing.

Abstract: A ventilation apparatus includes: a controller that determines whether insulation resistance between a fuel cell stack and an enclosure including the fuel cell stack is equal to or smaller than a preset value, and varies a degree of opening of a valve provided between an inlet provided on one side of the enclosure and an air blower injecting air to an interior of the enclosure through the inlet based on the determination.

Abstract: A multiple robot control apparatus using a teaching pendant and a control method thereof. The method of controlling a plurality of robots by a teaching pendant based on an access point (AP) includes the steps of: transmitting first information to the AP by the teaching pendant; transmitting the first information to a plurality of related master boards by the AP; outputting a drive pulse signal using the first information by each of the plurality of master boards; and operating the plurality of robots respectively connected to the plurality of master boards according to the drive pulse signal, in which the teaching pendant operates on an Android platform, and the teaching pendant, the AP and the plurality of motion master boards communicate using at least either a short range communication or a wireless communication.

Abstract: An apparatus for preventing a bolt release includes: a nut hole formed in a body; and an insulating part formed integrally with a bolt coupled to the nut hole and contacting the body, where a plurality of protruded slopes are formed along a circumference of a bonding surface among a plurality of bonding surfaces between the body and the insulating part according to a relative magnitude of hardness or friction coefficient between the body and the insulating part when the bolt is coupled.

Abstract: A method of performing a write operation in a nonvolatile memory device comprises storing write data in a log block used to update a data block, determining whether a write pattern stored in the log block is a sequential write pattern or a random write pattern, and selecting a new data block for storing merged data in the data block and the log block. The new data block is determined to be a single-level cell block or a multi-level cell block according to the determined write pattern.

Abstract: Disclosed is a semiconductor memory device and wear leveling method thereof. The semiconductor memory device including: a nonvolatile memory having pluralities of memory blocks, at least one of the memory blocks storing erasing counts of the memory blocks; and a memory controller managing wear leveling of the nonvolatile memory. The memory controller adjusts a period of managing the wear leveling with reference to the erasing counts.

Abstract: A method of performing a write operation in a nonvolatile memory device comprises storing write data in a log block used to update a data block, determining whether a write pattern stored in the log block is a sequential write pattern or a random write pattern, and selecting a new data block for storing merged data in the data block and the log block. The new data block is determined to be a single-level cell block or a multi-level cell block according to the determined write pattern.

Abstract: A data recording method and data recoding device to improve operational reliability of NAND flash memory includes calculating an address to record data, extracting information regarding a memory cell corresponding to the calculated address, selecting a data scrambling method based on the information regarding the memory cell, scrambling the data according to the data scrambling method, and recording the scrambled data on the memory cell. The information regarding the memory cell includes a logical block address, a logical page address, a physical block address, a physical page address of the memory cell, and a program/erase cycle of a memory block corresponding to the memory cell.

Abstract: Disclosed is a semiconductor memory device and wear leveling method thereof. The semiconductor memory device including: a nonvolatile memory having pluralities of memory blocks, at least one of the memory blocks storing erasing counts of the memory blocks; and a memory controller managing wear leveling of the nonvolatile memory. The memory controller adjusts a period of managing the wear leveling with reference to the erasing counts.