Abstract: A driving circuit includes: a display driver to generate a horizontal synchronization signal and a vertical synchronization signal according to a first clock signal of a first oscillator; a sensor driver to generate a touch signal according to a second clock signal of a second oscillator; and a determination circuit to detect a cycle of at least one of the horizontal synchronization signal or the vertical synchronization signal according to the second clock signal, and output a detection signal when the cycle is out of a range. The determination circuit is a part of the display driver or the sensor driver.

Abstract: A thermoelectric element according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a first electrode; a semiconductor structure disposed on the first electrode; and a second electrode disposed on the semiconductor structure, wherein the bottom surface of the second electrode includes an overlap area vertically overlapping the first electrode, the semiconductor structure includes a top surface opposite to the second electrode, and the center of the top surface of the semiconductor structure is arranged to be offset from the center of the overlap area.

Abstract: A thermoelectric element according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a first substrate; a first insulating layer disposed on the first substrate; a second insulating layer disposed on the first insulating layer; a first electrode disposed on the second insulating layer; a semiconductor structure disposed on the first electrode; a second electrode disposed on the semiconductor structure; and a second substrate disposed on the second electrode, wherein the composition of the first insulating layer is different from the composition of the second insulating layer, the first insulating layer includes a first region disposed on the first substrate and a second region disposed between the first region and the second insulating layer, and a particle size (D50) of an inorganic filler included in the second region is greater than the particle size (D50) of an inorganic filler included in the first region.

Abstract: A thermoelectric module according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: a first metal substrate; a thermoelectric element; and a second metal substrate, wherein the thermoelectric element comprises a first resin layer, a plurality of first electrodes, a plurality of P-type thermoelectric legs and a plurality of N-type thermoelectric legs, a plurality of second electrodes and a second resin layer, wherein the width of the first metal substrate is greater than the width of the second metal substrate, and the first metal substrate comprises a first surface in direct contact with the first resin layer and a second surface opposite to the first surface, and further comprises: a first support spaced apart from the thermoelectric element and a side surface of the second metal substrate on the first surface of the first metal substrate, and arranged so as to surround the thermoelectric element and the side surface of the second metal substrate; and a sealing material spaced apart from the thermoelectr

Abstract: A thermoelectric element according to one embodiment of the present disclosure includes a first substrate, a first buffer layer disposed on the first substrate, a first electrode disposed on the first buffer layer, a P-type thermoelectric leg and an N-type thermoelectric leg disposed on the first electrode, a second electrode disposed on the P-type thermoelectric leg and the N-type thermoelectric leg, a second buffer layer disposed on the second electrode, and a second substrate disposed on the second buffer layer, wherein at least one of the first buffer layer and the second buffer layer includes a silicone resin and an inorganic material, and the Young's modulus of at least one of the first buffer layer and the second buffer layer is 1 to 65 MPa.

Abstract: A thermoelectric module according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: a first metal substrate; a thermoelectric element; and a second metal substrate, wherein the thermoelectric element comprises a first resin layer, a plurality of first electrodes, a plurality of P-type thermoelectric legs and a plurality of N-type thermoelectric legs, a plurality of second electrodes and a second resin layer, wherein the width of the first metal substrate is greater than the width of the second metal substrate, and the first metal substrate comprises a first surface in direct contact with the first resin layer and a second surface opposite to the first surface, and further comprises: a first support spaced apart from the thermoelectric element and a side surface of the second metal substrate on the first surface of the first metal substrate, and arranged so as to surround the thermoelectric element and the side surface of the second metal substrate; and a sealing material spaced apart from the thermoelectr

Abstract: A thermoelectric device according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: a first substrate; a plurality of P-type thermoelectric legs and a plurality of N-type thermoelectric legs alternately disposed on the first substrate; a second substrate disposed on the plurality of P-type thermoelectric legs and the plurality of N-type thermoelectric legs; a plurality of first electrodes disposed between the first substrate and the plurality of P-type thermoelectric legs and the plurality of N-type thermoelectric legs, and respectively having a P-type thermoelectric leg and N-type thermoelectric leg pair disposed therein; and a plurality of second electrodes disposed between the second substrate and the plurality of P-type thermoelectric legs and the plurality of N-type thermoelectric legs, and respectively having a P-type thermoelectric leg and N-type thermoelectric leg pair disposed therein, wherein a P-type solder layer and N-type solder layer pair and a barrier layer disposed between the P-type solde

Abstract: A bidirectional optical fiber amplifier includes a first and a second transmitters for generating a first and a second signal lights, respectively, a first and a second receivers for receiving the first and the second signal lights, respectively, a fiber amplifier for amplifying the first and the second signal lights, a first optical circulator for transmitting the first signal light from the first transmitter to the fiber amplifier and for transmitting the second signal light from the fiber amplifier to the second receiver, a second optical circulator for transmitting the first signal light from the fiber amplifier to the first receiver and for transmitting the second signal light from the second transmitter to the fiber amplifier and a pair of optical pumps for pumping the fiber amplifier.

Abstract: An optical amplifier for amplifying signal lights propagating in two opposite directions comprises a 1st and a 2nd transmitters for generating a 1st and a 2nd signal lights, respectively, a 1st and a 2nd receivers for receiving the 1st and the 2nd signal lights, respectively, a fiber amplifier for amplifying the signal lights, a 1st optical device including a 1st and a 2nd wavelength division multiplexing(WDM) couplers, a 1st and a 2nd isolators, a 2nd optical device including a 3rd and a 4th WDM couplers, a 3rd and a 4th isolators and a pair of light sources for pumping the fiber amplifier. In the optical amplifier, the 1st WDM coupler selectively transmits the 1st signal light from the 1st transmitter to the fiber amplifier via the 1st isolator and the 2nd WDM coupler, and the 2nd WDM coupler selectively transmits the 2nd signal light from the 2nd transmitter to the 2nd receiver via the 2nd isolator and the 1st WDM coupler.

Abstract: A feedback-type optical fiber amplifier using hybrid pumping light beams disclosed, including: an optical line through which an optical signal is propagated; a plurality of rare-earth-doped fibers, doped with a predetermined rare earth ion, being coupled to the optical line in series; a plurality of pumping light sources for outputting pumping light beams having wavelengths different from each other; a plurality of optical coupling means for coupling the pumping light beams to the optical line; and feedback means for dividing the pumping light beam outputted through at least one of the rare-earth-doped fibers, and looping it back to corresponding rare-earth-doped fiber as its input. Therefore, the length of fiber constructing the optical fiber amplifier is reduced, and the amplification efficiency is improved.