Abstract: A method includes estimating an average concentration of ions in electrodes of a battery and estimating a state-of-charge (SOC) of the battery by Coulomb counting, correcting the ion concentration based on a difference in predicted and measured cell voltages, and correcting the Coulomb counting SOC based on a relation between SOC estimated by Coulomb counting and the average concentration, and the difference in the predicted and measured cell voltages.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing a disease related to abnormal suppression of regulatory T cell activity comprising a polypeptide comprising a bee venom-PLA2 amino acid sequence exclusive of a leader sequence as an active ingredient. The secretory bee venom-phospholipase A2 of the present invention activates a regulatory T cell and suppress a differentiation of Th1/Th7. Therefore, the present polypeptide can be used as a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing a disease related to abnormal suppression of regulatory T cell activity, i.e. autoimmune diseases, allergic diseases, or neurodegenerative diseases.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an accessory detachably coupled to an electronic device, the electronic device, and a method of processing an input in the electronic device. The accessory includes a body part located on at least one surface of the electronic device when the accessory is attached to the electronic device, an opening into which a part of a pen is inserted, a depression into which a pen point of the pen is inserted, and a pen accommodation part that comprises a lateral portion located between the opening and the depression and a cavity located below the lateral portion to allow the pen to move when inserted, where the body part is formed of a magnetic material so as to be attached to and detached from the electronic device, and where the cavity contains a conductive material through which a signal generated from the pen when inserted into the depression is transferred to a touch panel of the electronic device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a thin film deposition apparatus, which includes: a deposition chamber supporting a substrate therein; a plurality of crucibles keeping a deposition material to be deposited on the substrate; a distribution conduit having a plurality of coupling holes axially arranged to communicate with the crucibles, and spraying the deposition material evaporated from the crucibles through a plurality of nozzles formed through a top thereof; distribution conduit heaters independently installed and facing an outer side of the distribution conduit to heat the distribution conduit; crucible heaters heating the crucibles to evaporate the deposition material; and a top plate having an exit port corresponding to the nozzles and disposed over the distribution conduit. Accordingly, it is possible to reduce the height of the chamber by decreasing the height of the crucibles and to perform symmetric or asymmetric deposition by independently performing left/right deposition on a substrate.

Abstract: A thermoelectric generating system is provided. The system includes one or more thermoelectric modules that are mounted on a top surface of a heat source part and a cooling part that is disposed over the thermoelectric modules. A pressurizing device is configured to pressurize the thermoelectric modules and the cooling part toward the heat source part and a cover is installed to cover an upper portion of the pressurizing device.

Abstract: A bearing unit of a turbocharger may be disposed on an inner side of a space in a center housing and carry axial load of a rotary shaft connecting a turbine wheel, a compressor wheel, and an electric motor. The bearing unit may include a bearing body fastened to a side of the center housing and has a through-hole substantially at a center of the bearing body, and a coupling disposed in the through-hole and on the rotary shaft, having a stepped portion in which the bearing body is inserted, and forming an oil chamber with the bearing body.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a digital photographing apparatus which identifies a registered user and applies digital photographing apparatus setting information corresponding to the identified user and a method of controlling the same. The apparatus includes an input unit that receives user identification information; an identifying unit that identifies a user registered to the digital photographing apparatus based on received user identification information; a storage unit that stores setting information regarding the digital photographing apparatus corresponding to a user registered to the digital photographing apparatus; and a control unit that confirms setting information regarding the digital photographing apparatus corresponding to the identified user and applies a setting corresponding to the confirmed setting information to the digital photographing apparatus.

Abstract: A variable capsule-shaped hot-air bath apparatus, includes: a first hot-air bath including a first cover covering and protecting an upper part thereof, a first film heater attached to a lower part of the first cover, a first frame attached and fixed to a circumference of one side of the lower part of the first cover and formed in a U-shape, legs coupled to the lower part of one side of the first frame, and wheels coupled to lower parts of the legs; and a second hot-air bath including a second cover covering and protecting an upper part thereof, a second film heater attached to a lower part of the second cover, a second frame attached and fixed to a circumference of one side of the lower part of the second cover, rail parts mounted on and fixed to inner sides of both sides of the second frame for smooth movement.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of detecting defects of a fuel cell membrane-electrode assembly which comprises a gas diffusion layer, a catalyst layer and an electrolyte membrane. The method includes steps of: supplying gas to a first side of the membrane-electrode assembly; deducing a pressure of the supplied gas and a permeation rate of the gas permeating to a second side of the membrane-electrode assembly and then deducing an interface pressure between the electrolyte membrane and the gas diffusion layer of the membrane-electrode assembly using the deduced pressure of the supplied gas and the permeation rate; calculating a gas permeability of the electrolyte membrane using the deduced values of the pressure of the supplied gas and the permeation rate and a predetermined outlet pressure at the second side of the membrane-electrode assembly; and determining a defect state of the electrolyte membrane using a variation in the calculated gas permeability according to a change in the pressure of the supplied gas.

Abstract: A system, method, and apparatus are provided for establishing a wireless network connection between a mobile terminal and an electronic apparatus by using a near field communication network. At least one electronic apparatus is connected to the near field communication network. A mobile terminal is connected to the near field communication network, exchanges information with the at least one electronic apparatus for a wireless communication network connection through the connected near field communication network, and establishes the wireless communication network connection with the at least one electronic apparatus based on the exchanged information.

Abstract: A repeater for selecting a channel in a local communication system, and a method thereof are provided. A repeater of a local communication system includes a transceiver configured to perform at least one of transmitting and receiving a signal, and a controller configured to calculate a degree of interference of an available channel with an adjacent channel, the interference caused when a frequency band of the available channel overlaps partially with a frequency band of the adjacent channel, and to determine that the repeater is to use a channel having a smallest degree of interference as a channel.

Abstract: The disclosure is related tracking area management in a femtocell network. A mobility management entity may receive, from a femtocell base station, macrocell tracking area information associated with the femtocell base station. The mobility management entity may combine the received macrocell tracking area information with femtocell tracking area information associated with the femtocell base station and storing the combined tracking area information as integrated tracking area information.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating an initial condition of a battery includes a processor configured to calculate a stabilizing time of a lithium (Li) ion concentration in the battery, select an estimation model based on the stabilizing time, and estimate the initial condition of the battery to charge the battery using the selected estimation model.

Abstract: A semiconductor device may include a first gate electrode being formed on a substrate and having a first ratio of a width of an upper surface to a width of a lower surface, a second gate electrode being formed on the substrate and having a second ratio of the width of the upper surface to the width of the lower surface, wherein the second ratio is less than the first ratio, a first gate spacer being formed on a sidewall of the first gate electrode, a second gate spacer being formed on a sidewall of the second gate electrode and an interlayer insulating film covering the first gate spacer and the second gate spacer.

Abstract: A semiconductor device capable of adjusting profiles of a gate electrode and a gate spacer by implanting or doping an element semiconductor material into an interlayer insulating layer may be provided. The semiconductor device may include a gate spacer on a substrate, the gate spacer defining a trench, a gate electrode filling the trench, and an interlayer insulating layer on the substrate, which surrounds the gate spacer, and at least a portion of which includes germanium.

Abstract: A flexible Ti—In—Zn—O transparent electrode for a dye-sensitized solar cell includes a flexible transparent substrate, and a Ti—In—Zn—O thin-film on the flexible transparent substrate. The Ti—In—Zn—O thin-film has an amorphous structure. The flexible transparent electrode, despite being deposited at room or low temperature, has low surface resistance, high conductivity and transmittance, superior resistance against external bending, improved surface characteristics and better surface roughness performance.

Abstract: A method for predicting life of a reconfigurable battery pack, includes receiving a usage parameter of a reconfigurable battery pack, the battery pack comprising interconnected battery cells; identifying a State of Health (SOH) of degraded battery cells and a capacity of the reconfigurable battery pack; and determine a number of fresh battery cells to replace the degraded cells for the usage parameter based on the SOH and the capacity of the reconfigurable battery pack.

Abstract: A generator condition monitoring device using gaseous decomposition products sensor according to the present invention comprises moisture trap and a filter for removing moisture and oil in generator cooling hydrogen gas, three way solenoid valve for changing flow of hydrogen gas, hydrocarbon trap for absorbing and removing gaseous decomposition products in a hydrogen gas, a dew point meter for measuring amount of moisture in hydrogen gas, and detection sensor for detecting gaseous decomposition products in hydrogen gas.

Abstract: A method and system for controlling driving of an autonomous vehicle by: (a) determining whether the autonomous vehicle is performing unmanned driving; (b) setting a maximum threshold speed, a minimum threshold speed, and a fuel efficient driving section when the autonomous vehicle determined to be performing unmanned driving; (c) determining whether the autonomous vehicle is driving in the fuel efficient driving section; (d) comparing a vehicle speed with the maximum threshold speed and the minimum threshold speed when the autonomous vehicle is driving in the fuel efficient driving section; (e) controlling the autonomous vehicle to accelerate when the vehicle speed is less than the minimum threshold speed; (f) controlling the autonomous vehicle to coast when the vehicle speed is greater than or equal to the maximum threshold speed; and (g) repeating the steps (e) to (f) while the autonomous vehicle is driving in the fuel efficient driving section.

Abstract: The present application relates to a fuel cell system and a method for driving same, which can produce stable electricity, enhance load following capability, and simultaneously increasing fuel utilization rate and energy efficiency by separately managing a base load and a load following of a fuel cell, and the fuel cell system according to one embodiment of the present application comprises: a molten carbonate fuel cell for generating electricity by using fuel; a reaction gas for shifting discharge gas into water gas; a buffer tank for storing the water gas; and a driving device which is actuated by using the water gas that is stored and provided from the buffer tank.