Abstract: Proposed is an earth leakage breaker having a built-in trip module type circuit breaker, which is installed at a line between a power supply and a load and has a trip module configured to cut the line off, the earth leakage breaker including: a CT installed on the line and configured to monitor an instantaneous current; and a control circuit unit comprising: an operation module configured to receive an instantaneous current sensed by the CT, to measure an instantaneous current value per unit time, and to calculate a slope of the instantaneous current per unit time; a determination module configured to determine a case as an overload state, the case having the slope exceeding an overcurrent determination value A, and to cause an overload state determination signal to be output; and an output module configured to output a trip module actuation signal according to the overload state determination signal of the determination module and to cut off the line, and accordingly, the earth leakage breaker causes the tri

Abstract: Provided are a perovskite optoelectronic device containing an exciton buffer layer, and a method for manufacturing the same. The optoelectronic device of the present inventive concept comprises: an exciton buffer layer in which a first electrode, a conductive layer disposed on the first electrode and comprising a conductive material, and a surface buffer layer containing fluorine-based material having lower surface energy than the conductive material are sequentially deposited; a photoactive layer disposed on the exciton buffer layer and containing a perovskite photoactive layer; and a second electrode disposed on the photoactive layer. Accordingly, a perovskite is formed with a combined FCC and BSS crystal structure in a nanoparticle photoactive layer. The present inventive concept can also form a lamellar or layered structure in which an organic plane and an inorganic plane are alternatively deposited; and an exciton can be bound by the inorganic plane, thereby being capable of expressing high color purity.

Abstract: Method of producing aromatic hydrocarbons including: supplying a raw material stream to a C6 separation column, supplying an upper discharge stream from the C6 separation column to a first gasoline hydrogenation unit, and supplying a lower discharge stream from the C6 separation column to a C7 separation column; supplying an upper discharge stream from the C7 separation column to a hydrodealkylation reaction unit and supplying a lower discharge stream from the C7 separation column to a C8 separation column; separating benzene from discharged streams from the first gasoline hydrogenation unit and the hydrodealkylation reaction unit; removing a lower discharge stream from the C8 separation column and supplying an upper discharge stream from the C8 separation column to a second extractive distillation column; and separating styrene from a lower discharge stream of the second extractive distillation column and separating xylene from an upper discharge stream of the second extractive distillation column.

Abstract: An audio apparatus includes a signal receiver configured to receive a left-channel signal and a right-channel signal of a stereo audio signal; at least one filter configured to block a signal in a band exceeding a predetermined frequency based on the frequency bands of each of the received left-channel signal and right-channel signal; and a controller configured to generate a center-channel signal of the stereo audio signal based on the left-channel signal and the right-channel signal passing through the filter, to calculate a signal level sensitivity between the left-channel signal and the right-channel signal passing through the filter, to determine a similarity between the left-channel signal and the right-channel signal based on the calculated signal level sensitivity, and to control the generated center-channel signal to be output in response to the determined similarity.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes: a substrate; a pixel circuit layer on the substrate and including a thin-film transistor; a display element layer on the pixel circuit layer and including a display element electrically connected to the thin-film transistor; a color filter layer on the display element layer and including a color filter overlapping the display element and a black matrix having a first side contacting the color filter and a second side extending in an edge direction of the substrate; and a blocking layer between the black matrix and the substrate, wherein a tip end of the blocking layer has no step difference with an end of the black matrix.

Abstract: Disclosed are an aluminum-coated blank, a manufacturing method thereof, and an apparatus for manufacturing the same. The blank includes two or more aluminum-coated steel sheets connected together by a joint, each of the steel sheets including: a base steel sheet including 0.01-0.5 wt % of carbon, 0.01-1.0 wt % of silicon, 0.5-3.0 wt % of manganese, greater than 0 but not greater than 0.05 wt % of phosphorus, greater than 0 but not greater than 0.01 wt % of sulfur, greater than 0 but not greater than 0.1 wt % of aluminum, greater than 0 but not greater than 0.001 wt % of nitrogen, and the balance of iron and other inevitable impurities; and a coating layer including aluminum and formed on at least one surface of the base steel sheet.

Abstract: A PUF apparatus comprises: a PUF cell array in which a plurality of PUF cells are arranged each including a FeFET pair whose gates are commonly connected to a corresponding word line among a plurality of word lines, and whose drains and sources are connected to a corresponding bit line pair and a corresponding source line pair among a plurality of bit line pairs and a plurality of source line pairs running in a direction crossing the plurality of word lines; and a read-write-back block which is activated according to a read enable signal, and senses and amplifies a voltage difference occurring in a corresponding bit line pair among the plurality of bit line pairs according to the difference in driving strength due to a deviation in a manufacturing process of the FeFET pair in the PUF cell selected by a selected word line among the plurality of word lines.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory device according to the embodiment includes: a first inverter; and a second inverter cross-coupled to the first inverter, wherein the second inverter includes a pull-up transistor, a pull-down transistor, and a ferroelectric field effect transistor having gate nodes connected to each other, and a restore transistor having one electrode connected to the ferroelectric field effect transistor, and the second inverter stores data in a nonvolatile manner.

Abstract: A method of removing a metal substance in a petrochemical product including: supplying a petrochemical product stream to an incoming tank through a supply pipe, circulating the petrochemical product stream through an incoming tank circulation pipe, and removing a metal substance included in the petrochemical product stream using a magnetic filter; transporting the petrochemical product stream to an outgoing tank through an incoming tank discharge pipe which is branched from the incoming tank circulation pipe and connected to an outgoing tank; circulating the petrochemical product stream through an outgoing tank circulation pipe provided in the outgoing tank and removing the metal substance included in the petrochemical product stream using a magnetic filter; and transporting the petrochemical product stream to a branch pipe branched from the outgoing tank circulation pipe to remove the metal substance using an ion exchange resin filter.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a DC-DC converter, a vehicle, and a control method including the same, and more particularly, to a DC-DC converter, a vehicle, and a control method including the same capable of effectively detecting and responding to an interlock failure of a connector.

Abstract: Provided is a waste water incineration method including (S10) supplying waste water to an evaporator to evaporate the waste water, (S20) supplying an evaporator top discharge stream discharged from the evaporator to an incinerator to incinerate the discharge stream, (S30) mixing a first incinerator discharge stream and a second incinerator discharge stream discharged from the incinerator to form a mixed discharge stream, and (S40) heat-exchanging the mixed discharge stream and a fresh air stream in a first heat exchanger, wherein the mixed discharge stream which has passed through the first heat exchanger is heat-exchanged in a second heat exchanger and discharged to the atmosphere.

Abstract: A direct current to direct current (DC-DC) converter, a vehicle including the converter, and a controlling method thereof are proposed. The DC-DC converter is capable of efficiently detecting and responding to miscoupling of a connector. The DC-DC converter includes a first inlet corresponding to a first DC terminal, a transformation circuit connected to the first DC terminal and a second DC terminal while being located therebetween, and a converter controller, wherein when receiving a voltage command corresponding to the first DC terminal from an external controller, the converter controller is configured to determine whether or not a connector coupled to the first inlet is miscoupled thereto based on whether or not a voltage of the first DC terminal follows the voltage command.

Abstract: A DC-DC converter, a vehicle including the converter, and a controlling method thereof are provided. The DC-DC converter includes a first capacitor connected to a first DC terminal, a second capacitor connected to a second DC terminal, a plurality of converting circuits each including at least an inductor and a plurality of switching elements, and connected to each other in parallel between the first capacitor and the second capacitor, and a controller configured to control an ON/OFF state of the plurality of switching elements provided of each of the converting circuits. When external power connection with respect to each of the first DC terminal and the second DC terminal is disconnected, the controller is configured to control states of the plurality of switching elements to sequentially provide a plurality of different discharge paths between opposite terminals of the second capacitor via the plurality of converting circuits.

Abstract: A heat-assisted magnetic recording head comprises a near-field transducer (NFT). The NFT comprises a near-field emitter configured to heat a surface of a magnetic disk, and a hybrid plasmonic disk. The hybrid plasmonic disk comprises a plasmonic region and a thermal region. The plasmonic region comprises a first material or alloy that is a plasmonic material or alloy. The thermal region comprises a second material or alloy that is different than the first material or alloy.

Abstract: A vehicle is provided that includes a DC converter having a first end connected to a fuel cell, a second end connected to a high-voltage battery, and at least one switching element connected between the first end and the second end, a fuel cell control unit which controls an activation state of a running command for start of the fuel cell based on an on-off state of vehicle start, and a converter controller which controls a running state of the DC converter according to an initial start sequence, a shutdown sequence, or a restart sequence for the fuel cell based on the activation state of the running command.

Abstract: An image sensor pixel includes a substrate having a pixel electrode on a light receiving surface thereof, and a photoelectric conversion layer including a perovskite material, on the pixel electrode. A transparent electrode is provided on the photoelectric conversion layer, and a vertical electrode is provided, which is electrically connected to the pixel electrode and extends at least partially through the substrate. The photoelectric conversion layer includes a perovskite layer, a first blocking layer extending between the pixel electrode and the perovskite layer, and a second blocking layer extending between the transparent electrode and the perovskite layer.

Abstract: Disclosed are a circuit and a system which is capable of improving reliability by preventing destructive overvoltage that occurs in an element using a low power supply voltage when various signals are transmitted from an integrated circuit with a high power supply voltage to an integrated circuit with a low power supply voltage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing polycrystalline silicon ingot using a crucible in which an oxygen exhaust passage is formed by single crystal or polycrystalline rods, the method including the steps of: manufacturing the single crystal or polycrystalline silicon rods each having the shape of a quadrilateral pillar; putting the single crystal or polycrystalline quadrilateral pillar-shaped silicon rods into the crucible in such a manner as to be arranged close to one another along the inner peripheral surface of the crucible to thus form a space portion inside the single crystal or polycrystalline silicon rods, into which silicon chunks are put, and the oxygen exhaust passages between the inner peripheral surface of the crucible and the respective surfaces of the single crystal or polycrystalline silicon rods oriented toward the inner peripheral surface of the crucible; putting the silicon chunks into the space portion of the crucible; and melting and crystallizing the silicon chunks.

Abstract: A fuel cell vehicle of the disclosure includes a cell stack including a plurality of unit cells stacked on one another, a boost converter configured to boost the output from the cell stack and to output the boosted output as main power, a supercapacitor configured to be charged with the power generated in the cell stack to generate auxiliary power, and a load terminal connected to the boost converter instead of the cell stack to receive the main power and connected to the supercapacitor to receive the auxiliary power so as to be driven.

Abstract: A heat-assisted magnetic recording head comprises a near-field transducer (NFT). The NFT comprises a near-field emitter configured to heat a surface of a magnetic disk, and a hybrid plasmonic disk. The hybrid plasmonic disk comprises a plasmonic region and a thermal region. The plasmonic region comprises a first material or alloy that is a plasmonic material or alloy. The thermal region comprises a second material or alloy that is different than the first material or alloy.