Abstract: A method of modeling damages to a crystal caused by an incident particle includes obtaining particle information and crystal information; estimating energy loss of the incident particle based on the particle information and the crystal information; estimating a volume of a vacancy based on the energy loss; estimating a vacancy reaction based on the crystal information and the volume of the vacancy; and generating output data based on the vacancy reaction, the output data including quantification data of the damages.

Abstract: Provided are a method, a device, and a system for estimating threshold values of a kernel density function with respect to defects of a product. The method includes a bootstrapping sampling operation, estimating optimal kernel bandwidths for sample data sets by using a bandwidth estimation method selected according to a number of sample data from among a plurality of bandwidth estimation methods, estimating threshold values corresponding to a tail region of the kernel density function based on the optimal kernel bandwidths, and providing a quantitative value for quantifying uncertainty of the threshold values based on the plurality of threshold values.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device is provided. The semiconductor device may include a semiconductor substrate having a device isolation trench defining active regions, a device isolation layer disposed in the device isolation trench, gate trenches extending in a first direction and crossing the active regions of the semiconductor substrate and the device isolation layer, word lines disposed in the gate trenches, respectively, each of the gate trenches may include first trench sections in the active regions and second trench sections in the device isolation layer, the first trench sections may have a first depth, and the second trench section may have a second depth greater than the first depth, the device isolation layer may include a lower portion positioned at a level lower than bottom surfaces of the first trench sections and an upper portion on the lower portion, and the lower portion may be formed of a dielectric material having a lower dielectric constant than that of the upper portion.

Abstract: A method of modeling damages to a crystal caused by an incident particle includes obtaining particle information and crystal information; estimating energy loss of the incident particle based on the particle information and the crystal information; estimating a volume of a vacancy based on the energy loss; estimating a vacancy reaction based on the crystal information and the volume of the vacancy; and generating output data based on the vacancy reaction, the output data including quantification data of the damages.

Abstract: A method for predicting a defect in a semiconductor device includes: calculating a first probability that particles will be generated in a semiconductor element by radiation; calculating a second probability that damage will occur in the semiconductor element due to the particles; generating a training data set using input data and simulation data, the input data including damage data generated using the first probability and the second probability and including at least one of a position in which the damage will occur and an amount of the damage, impurity concentration of impurities doped in at least a portion of the semiconductor element, and structural data of the semiconductor element, and the simulation data including electrical characteristics of the semiconductor element obtained as a result of a simulation based on the input data; and training a machine learning model based on the training data set to generate a defect prediction model.

Abstract: Disclosed is a photovoltaic cell including a first electrode and a second electrode having transparency and disposed facing each other, and a photovoltaic cell layer disposed between the first and second electrodes, and configured to produce electric energy by absorbing a part of incident light, wherein the photovoltaic cell layer includes a plurality of unit cells disposed in a specific distance from each other and formed with a plurality of slits for polarizing the incident light, and a transparent insulator disposed in the plurality of slits.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an electronic device with a display device having enhanced display power consumption. The electronic device includes: a housing; a transparent member disposed in at least a portion of the housing, and includes an upper surface and a lower surface; a first anti-reflection layer coupled to the upper surface of the transparent member; and a display panel coupled to at least a portion of the lower surface of the transparent member by a visually transparent adhesive member, and housed in the housing. The display panel includes: a polarizing film layer coupled to the adhesive member and including an upper surface and lower surface; a light emitting layer disposed under the lower surface of the polarizing film layer; and a second anti-reflection layer disposed on the lower surface of the polarizing film layer between the lower surface of the polarizing film layer and the light emitting layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an electronic device with a display device having enhanced display power consumption. The electronic device includes: a housing; a transparent member disposed in at least a portion of the housing, and includes an upper surface and a lower surface; a first anti-reflection layer coupled to the upper surface of the transparent member; and a display panel coupled to at least a portion of the lower surface of the transparent member by a visually transparent adhesive member, and housed in the housing. The display panel includes: a polarizing film layer coupled to the adhesive member and including an upper surface and lower surface; a light emitting layer disposed under the lower surface of the polarizing film layer; and a second anti-reflection layer disposed on the lower surface of the polarizing film layer between the lower surface of the polarizing film layer and the light emitting layer.

Abstract: Disclosed in various examples are an electronic device comprising a rotary switch, and a function control method therefore, the electronic device comprising the rotary switch by which a user can select a waterproof function and a microphone function, and informing, through an icon and/or a sound, the user of whether the electronic device is in a waterproof mode or a microphone mode according to the operation of the rotary switch, such that the user can easily select the waterproof mode or the microphone mode.

Abstract: An electronic device and a method for photographing an image in a multi-direction is provided. The electronic device includes a case, including a display, an image sensor, and a processor, and a crown disposed on the case, the crown including a camera window. The crown is rotatable and when the crown is rotated, the camera window is rotated, and light passing through the camera window is transmitted to the image sensor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a photovoltaic cell including a first electrode and a second electrode having transparency and disposed facing each other, and a photovoltaic cell layer disposed between the first and second electrodes, and configured to produce electric energy by absorbing a part of incident light, wherein the photovoltaic cell layer includes a plurality of unit cells disposed in a specific distance from each other and formed with a plurality of slits for polarizing the incident light, and a transparent insulator disposed in the plurality of slits.

Abstract: An electronic device and a method for photographing an image in a multi-direction is provided. The electronic device includes a case, including a display, an image sensor, and a processor, and a crown disposed on the case, the crown including a camera window. The crown is rotatable and when the crown is rotated, the camera window is rotated, and light passing through the camera window is transmitted to the image sensor.

Abstract: A system for detecting the connection of an earphone system to a mobile device is provided. The earphone connection detecting system detects an electrical change from a mechanical change according to the insertion of the earphone jack plug of the earphone system to the jack interface of the mobile device, via a switching device electrically isolated from the earphone system, thereby identifying the connection of the earphone system to the mobile device.