Abstract: Proposed is a fuzzy-logic-based method for calculating the state safety of an energy storage system. The method may be performed by a state safety calculation apparatus. The method may also include defining a voltage safety membership function and a temperature safety membership function, and collecting information about charging state, voltage, and temperature from the energy storage system. The method may further include calculating integrated levels of safety by applying a fuzzy rule to the voltage safety membership function and the temperature safety membership function with respect to the collected information. The method may further include calculating the total integrated level of safety by summing the calculated integrated levels of safety; and calculating the momentary integrated level of safety through defuzzification of the total integrated level of safety.

Abstract: A circuit for driving a lighting apparatus is provided. The circuit includes a valley signal generator configured to generate a valley signal based on an input voltage, an input voltage determining unit configured to determine whether the input voltage corresponds to a direct voltage or a full-wave rectified AC voltage based on the valley signal, an AC voltage simulation unit configured to generate a virtual valley signal when the input voltage is a DC voltage, and a switching device controller configured to control a switching device used to drive an LED module based the determination and at least one of the valley signal and virtual valley signal.

Abstract: A circuit for driving a lighting apparatus is provided. The circuit includes a valley signal generator configured to generate a valley signal based on an input voltage, an input voltage determining unit configured to determine whether the input voltage corresponds to a direct voltage or a full-wave rectified AC voltage based on the valley signal, an AC voltage simulation unit configured to generate a virtual valley signal when the input voltage is a DC voltage, and a switching device controller configured to control a switching device used to drive an LED module based the determination and at least one of the valley signal and virtual valley signal.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method, a system, and a computer-readable recording medium for providing distributed programming environment by using a distributed space. According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for processing data in distributed environment, the method including: generating a virtual space using resources provided by a plurality of nodes; and reading or writing data from or in the virtual space by a first application, wherein the data are mapped to a specific location region on the virtual space determined according to attributes of the data and the first application performs a reading operation or a writing operation for the data in the location region.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high speed coagulant-flocculant and sedimentation method for treating waste water, which permits a speedy treatment of waste water including stormwater runoff and also permits a valuable reuse of the sludge produced in the course of treatment.