Abstract: Apparatus, systems and methods for irrigating lands are disclosed. In one example, an irrigation system is disclosed. The irrigation system includes a gate and a microcontroller unit (MCU). The gate is configured for adjusting a water flow for irrigating a piece of land. The MCU is configured for controlling the gate to adjust the water flow based on environmental information related to the piece of land.

Abstract: An LED packaging method provides a package that includes a substrate, a LED chip, a carbon naonotube thin film and an adhesive layer. The LED chip includes an anode and a cathode. The carbon naonotube thin film includes at least two electrically conductive areas spaced from each other. The anode and the cathode are electrically connected to the adjacent electrically conductive areas. The adhesive layer is coated on the LED chip and the carbon nanotube thin film.

Abstract: A backlight system (300) includes a light guide plate (3024), a reflection plate (3023), a light source (3021) disposed at one side of the light guide plate, a diffusion plate (3025) and a reflection polarizer (3027), which allows light polarized in one certain direction to pass, and reflects light polarized in a direction perpendicular to said one certain direction. The diffusion plate, the light guide plate, the diffusion plate, and the reflection polarizer are stacked up one on top of the other. A plurality of prisms (11) are disposed on a surface of the diffusion plate, thereby defining a plurality of V-shaped grooves (not labeled).

Abstract: A light guide plate (300) for transmitting light beams from a light source to an LCD (liquid crystal display) includes: an incident surface (301) for introducing light beams into the light guide plate; an emitting surface (303) for uniformly transmitting light beams out from the light guide plate; and a bottom surface (302) opposite to the emitting surface for reflecting the light beams in directions toward the emitting surface. The light guide plate further provides a plurality of concavities (3031) on the emitting surface, for converging the light beams into the LCD. The light guide plate is a relatively simple, single integrated structure, and can obviate the need for a brightness layer in an associated LCD device.

Abstract: An exemplary thermal interface (40) includes a silver colloid base (32), and an array of carbon nanotubes (22) disposed in the silver colloid base uniformly. The carbon nanotubes have nanometer-scale silver filled therein, are substantially parallel to each other, and extend from a first surface (42) to a second surface (44) of the thermal interface.

Abstract: A light emitting module (10) includes a metal circuit board (11), a number of light emitting units (12) arranged on a first surface of the metal circuit board, and a cooling system (13) mounted on an opposite second surface of the metal circuit board. A light source device (1) using the light emitting module further includes a housing (30) and a transparent light cover (20). The housing has a base with the light emitting module being mounted thereon. The transparent light cover covers the housing. The present light emitting module and light source device can improve the brightness of the light, and increase the utilization efficiency of light.

Abstract: A surface light source unit (2) includes a light source (21), a light guide plate (22), a reflective plate (23) and a diffusing plate (24). The light guide plate includes a light incidence surface (221) adjacent to the light source for receiving light beams, an emission surface (222) for emitting the light beams, a light reflection surface (223) opposite to the emission surface and a plurality of diffusion dots (224) formed on the light reflection surface. The diffusion dots contain a plurality of light scattering particles (225) having substantially global surfaces. The surface light source unit provides high uniform illumination for a liquid crystal display panel.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (3) in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention includes a liquid crystal panel and a backlight module (36). The liquid crystal panel has a reflective polarizing element (342). The backlight module has a light source (361), a light guide plate (362), a reflector (365), and a quarter-wave plate (366). The light source is disposed adjacent to the light guide plate, and the reflector, the light guide plate and the quarter-wave plate are stacked together in order. The liquid crystal panel is located on the backlight module, and the reflective polarizing element of the liquid crystal panel faces toward the quarter-wave plate of the backlight module. The liquid crystal display 3 has a high brightness since light energy is efficiently used.

Abstract: The present invention provides a light guide plate (500) including a transparent plate (220) having an emitting surface (524) with a plurality of hemispherical embossments (540) formed thereon continuously side-by-side in rows and columns. The transparent plate also has a bottom surface (226) opposite to the emitting surface, with a plurality of hemispherical embossments (260) formed on the bottom surface. The embossments of the emitting and bottom surfaces all face in a direction away from the transparent plate. Other embodiments are also provided.

Abstract: A thermal interface material (40) includes a silver colloid base (32), and an array of carbon nanotubes (22) disposed in the silver colloid base uniformly. The carbon nanotubes have nanometer-scale silver filled therein, are substantially parallel to each other, and extend from a first surface (42) to a second surface (44) of the thermal interface material. A method for manufacturing the thermal interface material includes the steps of: (a) forming an array of carbon nanotubes with nanometer-scale silver filled therein on a substrate; (b) submerging the carbon nanotubes in a silver colloid base; (c) solidifying the silver colloid base; and (d) peeling the solidified silver colloid base with the carbon nanotubes secured therein off from the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a surface light source (6) using a light guide plate (2) to illuminate a liquid crystal display. The light guide plate comprises a light incident surface (21), a light-emitting surface (22) perpendicular to the light incident surface, a bottom surface (23) opposite to the light-emitting surface, and a plurality of side surfaces. An anti-reflective coating is formed on the light incident surface and the light-emitting surface. A reflective coating is formed on the bottom surface and at least one of the side surfaces. The light guide plate provides a high luminace output for the liquid crystal display.

Abstract: A polarized light source system (20) includes a light guide plate (22), a light source (24), a lamp cover (25), a quarter wave plate (23), an upward prism plate (26) and a downward prism plate (28). The light guide plate defines an optical inputting surface and an optical outputting surface interconnecting therewith. The light source and the lamp cover are stationed next to the optical inputting surface. The upward prism plate stationed next to the optical outputting surface defines a plurality of upward micro-prisms (262) on a surface opposite thereto. The downward prism plate stationed next to the upward prism plate includes a brightness enhancing film (284), and a plurality of downward micro-prisms (282) on a surface facing the upward prism plate. The upward and downward micro-prisms engaged with each other. The quarter wave plate includes a reflective film on a backing surface.

Abstract: A light guide plate (3) includes a parallelepiped block. The block includes an input surface (31) for receiving light beams irradiated from a light source; two side surfaces perpendicularly adjoining the incident surface; an output surface (32) perpendicularly adjoining the incident surface and the side surfaces; and a bottom surface (33) opposing to the output surface. An array of prisms (34) is integrally formed on the output surface. Each prism is shaped as a square pyramid. All the prisms have a same size and are arranged contiguously with each other. Alternatively, the light guide plate may be a wedge-shaped block (3?). A rectangular array of prisms (34?) is integrally formed on an output surface (32?) thereof. Each prism is shaped as a square pyramid. The prisms are arranged contiguously with each other, and sizes of the prisms gradually decrease from a thick end to a thin end of the block.

Abstract: A light guide plate (10) includes a transparent plate (20), and a plurality of diffusing protrusions (30). The transparent plate includes an emitting surface (21), and a bottom surface (23) opposite to the emitting surface. The diffusing protrusions are distributed evenly on the emitting surface of the transparent plate, and are integrated with the transparent plate. The diffusing protrusions are hemispherical or sub-hemispherical, and a diameter of each diffusing protrusion is in the range from 10 ?m˜50 ?m. The light guide plate provides high emitting brightness and uniformity. The diffusing protrusions can diffuse light beams emitting from the emitting surface of the transparent plate, in order to achieve a plane light source having even brightness. The present Invention also discloses a method for fabricating the light guide plate.

Abstract: A surface light source (3, 4, 5) includes a light guide plate (32, 42, 52), which defines an incident surface (321, 421, 521), an emitting surface and a bottom surface (323, 423, 523) opposite to the emitting surface; and a light source (31, 41, 51) adjacent to the incident surface of the light guide plate for radiating light beams into the light guide plate through the incident surface. A multiplicity of generally rectangular dots (328, 428, 528) and generally circular dots (329, 429, 529) is formed on the bottom surface of the light guide plate. The rectangular and circular dots reflect and scatter the light beams in directions toward the emitting surface. The rectangular dots are distributed on the bottom surface corresponding to lower luminance areas of the light guide plate, so that the luminance over the whole emitting surface of the light guide plate is uniform.

Abstract: A light guide plate (20) includes a light input end (21), a light output face (23) adjacent the light input end, and a back face (22) opposite to the light output face. A plurality of fine dots (26) are formed on the back face arranged in a uniform, rectangular array. The dots in a same column have a same size. The dots in a same row increase in size. A radius r of the dots in each row thereof varies as a function of a column number X of a given dot, in accordance with the formula: r=A+BX+CX2+DX3+EX4+FX5, wherein: the column number X varies in consecutive whole numbers from a value of one for the column nearest the light input end to a maximum value for the column most distal from the light input end; and A, B, C, D, E, and F are constants.

Abstract: A backlight system (100) in accordance with the present invention includes a plurality of light sources (110) for emitting light beams and a light guide plate (120) for receiving the light beams emitted by the light sources. The light guide plate includes a light input surface (121) and a light output surface (122) joining the light input surface. The light input surface has a plurality of recesses (124) therein. The recesses have cylindrical surfaces, each having a specific curvature, and the light beams emitted by the light sources pass through the cylindrical surfaces orthogonally. Since nearly all of the light beams enter into the light guide plate with few being reflected at the light input surface, the backlight system is highly efficient in light utilization.

Abstract: A light-transmitting element (10) includes a substrate (12) made of polymethyl methacrylate, and at least one coating film (14). The substrate has a first surface (122), and a second surface (124) opposite to the first surface. The coating film is deposited on at least one of the surfaces of the substrate by electron beam evaporation. The coating film is selected from the group consisting of a single layer and a plurality of layers, and comprises a material selected from the group consisting of tantalum pentoxide, magnesium fluoride, silicon oxide, and any mixture or combination thereof. The light-transmitting element provides improved light transmittance for an imaging system. A method for making the light-transmitting element is also provided.

Abstract: An optical attenuator (8) includes an input port (1), an output port (4), a fixed reflector (2), a movable reflector (3), two detecting means (6, 7) and a driving device (5). The input port includes a first collimator (13) and a filter (10) attached to the first collimator. The output port includes a second collimator (41) and a splitter (42) connected to the second collimator. Input signals are transmitted from an input fiber (11) through the first collimator and then pass through the filter. The signals passing through the filter are directed by the fixed and the movable reflectors to the second collimator. The angular position of the movable reflector, which is driven by the driving device, determines the proportion of the signals. reflected by the reflectors that are received by the second collimator, which determines the size of the output signals transmitted in an output fiber (421).

Abstract: A backlight system (10) in accordance with the present invention includes a light guide plate (20) and two light sources (30) disposed adjacent opposite sides of the light guide plate. The light guide plate includes two incident surfaces (21), a light exit surface (22) and a bottom surface (24) opposite to the light exit surface. The bottom surface has a plurality of diffusion units (23) therein, and a reflective film (241) thereon. Diffusion surfaces (25) of the plurality of the diffusion units cooperate with each other to form a curved face for directing light beams to be output from the light exit surface in a predetermined angular range.