Abstract: Disclosed is a solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell with improved long-term stability containing a pyridine-based compound as an additive. In particular, the solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell includes a hole transport layer containing a pyridine-based additive mixed with a hole transport material to provide a solid-state hole transport layer in the solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell. Accordingly, superior initial efficiency and substantially improved long-term stability of the solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell may be obtained. Further, the dye-sensitized solar cell may be manufactured using a simple process without using a sealing agent.

Abstract: Disclosed are catalyst preparation olefin polymerization processes with the recycling of a co-catalyst. According to the olefin polymerization process activated single-site catalysts are prepared by contacting supported single-site pre-catalyst with an organic solvent containing co-catalyst. The activated single-site catalysts are separated from co-catalysts dissolved in an organic solvent and the olefin polymerization is conducted using the separated single-site catalysts with one or more olefinic monomers. The separated co-catalysts is reused by recycling the organic solvent containing the separated co-catalysts and contacting them with the supported single-site pre-catalysts. The olefin polymerization process of the present invention enables recycling expensive co-catalyst for subsequent olefin polymerization and accordingly the total amount of co-catalyst required can be significantly reduced.

Abstract: An improved process of preparing a olefinic polymer of the type in which an olefinic monomer is polymerized alone or with a comonomer in a hydrocarbon solvent using a metallocene catalyst of formula (I) in the presence of a cocatalyst; wherein the improvement comprises: preparing the olefinic polymer in an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent using a modified metallocene catalyst which is obtained by introducing at least one C5-20 alkyl substituent into the &pgr;-ligand, the alkylene bridge or silicon bridge of the metallocene catalyst of formula (I): L1L2MX2  (I) wherein, M is Ti, Zr or Hf; X is a halogen, or a C1-3 alkyl group; and L1 and L2 are each a &pgr;-ligand selected from the group consisting of cyclopentadienyl, indenyl, fluorenyl and derivatives thereof, and are optionally linked together by a C1-4 alkylene bridge optionally substituted with a C1-3 hydrocarbyl group or by a silicon bridge optionally substituted with a C1-3 hydrocarbyl group.

Abstract: An olefinic polymer having improved molecular weight distribution and bulk density is prepared by polymerizing an olefinic monomer and, optionally, a comonomer in the presence of a supported catalyst comprising a modified metallocene and an alkylaluminoxane supported on a carrier in an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent, the modified metallocene being derived from a metallocene of formula(I) by introducing at least one C5-20 alkyl substituent into a &pgr;-ligand, C1-4 alkylene bridge or silicon bridge thereof and the alkylaluminoxane having a repeating unit of formula(II): wherein: M is Ti, Zr or Hf; X is a halogen, or a C1-3 alkyl group; L1 and L2 are each a &pgr;-ligand selected from the group consisting of cyclopentadienyl, indenyl, fluorenyl and derivatives thereof, and are optionally linked together by a C1-4 alkylene bridge or by a silicon bridge; m is an integer of 2 or more; and R1 is a C1-20 alkyl group.