Abstract: A compact quench box design for a multi-bed, mixed-phase cocurrent downflow fixed-bed reactor has a quench pipe manifold and nozzle assembly, a collection tray, a mixing chamber, and a single final distributor tray. The quench pipe manifold and nozzle assembly is an annular ring pipe having nozzles arising therefrom. The mixing chamber is an annular compartment depending from the collection tray above having a partition pan, forming a partition weir at its inside diameter for liquid to flow, and a bottom section pan, which forms a vapor outlet weir at its inside diameter for vapor flow onto the final distributor tray below. This design reduces the number of manway required for the quench box.

Abstract: A compact quench box design for a multi-bed, mixed-phase cocurrent downflow fixed-bed reactor has a quench pipe manifold and nozzle assembly, a collection tray, a mixing chamber, and a single final distributor tray. The quench pipe manifold and nozzle assembly is an annular ring pipe having nozzles arising therefrom. The mixing chamber is an annular compartment depending from the collection tray above having a partition pan, forming a partition weir at its inside diameter for liquid to flow, and a bottom section pan, which forms a vapor outlet weir at its inside diameter for vapor flow onto the final distributor tray below. This design reduces the number of manway required for the quench box.

Abstract: Nitrogenous compounds especially bases such as ammonia vapor are used to control the operation of a hydrocracker or catalytic dewaxer. Catalyst activity and selectivity may be controlled by addition of the base to the feed, for example, to control the balance between isomerization and hydrocracking in an operation using a zeolite beta catalyst. Runaway conditions may be controlled by the addition of nitrogenous compounds to regulate the temperature profile within the reactor.

Abstract: This invention is directed to an improved process scheme to process sour feed in the reaction section of the process unit, including isomerization dewaxing with zeolite beta. The instant invention employs countercurrent flow in the fixed bed of the MIDW(Mobil Isomerization Dewaxing) reactor (the reactor in which isomerization dewaxing occurs) with recycle gas being the gas stream in the MIDW bed. With this arrangement hydrodesulfurization(HDS) and MIDW occur in an integrated process.

Abstract: Nitrogenous compounds especially bases such as ammonia vapor are used to control the operation of a hydrocracker or catalytic dewaxer. Catalyst activity and selectivity may be controlled by addition of the base to the feed, for example, to control the balance between isomerization and hydrocracking in an operation using a zeolite beta catalyst. Runaway conditions may be controlled by the addition of nitrogenous compounds to regulate the temperature profile within the reactor.

Abstract: A process for reducing NOx emissions and an FCC process using same as a flue gas cleanup stage are disclosed. Gas containing NOx and entrained catalyst fines is passed up through a bed of catalyst at a sufficient velocity to expand and fluidize the catalyst bed. Particulates deposited on the catalyst are abraided or elutriated away by fluidization, preventing fouling of the DeNOx catalyst. A low pressure drop design, with vertical, perforate gas distributors covered by the bed is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the isomerization of C.sub.4 and higher molecular weight hydrocarbons, preferably C.sub.4 to C.sub.6 paraffins with high C.sub.6 cyclics content. A C.sub.5 to C.sub.6 hydrocarbon stream is isomerized in a first isomerization reaction zone and a C.sub.4 hydrocarbon stream is isomerized in a second isomerization reaction zone. At least one or both of the effluent streams from the first and second isomerization zones are conveyed to a gas-liquid separator which separates a hydrogen-rich recycle stream. At least a portion of the hydrogen-rich recycle stream is conveyed to the C.sub.5 to C.sub.6 hydrocarbon feed stream and at least a portion of the hydrogen-rich recycle stream is conveyed to the C.sub.4 hydrocarbon feed stream whereby the hydrogen recycle stream is shared during both the C.sub.4 isomerization reaction and the C.sub.5 to C.sub.6 isomerization reaction. The product stream is conveyed to a shared stabilizer which removes the gaseous and volatile components.

Abstract: A system and method of concentrating spent caustic at a refinery has a multi-stage flash drum for separating a spent caustic stream into an overhead output stream including vaporized water and volatile organic compounds, and a concentrated spent caustic output stream. The system also has a condenser for condensing the overhead output stream, and a separator for separating the condensed overhead output stream into a volatile organic compound stream, a liquid hydrocarbon stream and a water stream. The system further has an ejector for applying a vacuum to the flash drum to vaporize the spent caustic stream at a reduced temperature, and to the separator to remove the volatile organic compound stream. The volatile organic compounds are removed from the overhead of the separator through the ejector to a burner of a fired heater.

Abstract: Nitrogenous compounds especially bases such as amines are used to control the operation of a hydrocracker. Catalyst activity and selectivity may be controlled by addition of the base to the feed, for example, to control the balance between isomerization and conversion in an operation using a zeolite beta catalyst. Runaway conditions may be controlled by the addition of nitrogenous compounds and if they are added at intermediate points along the length of the reactor, the temperature profile within the reactor can be effectively regulated.

Abstract: The endothermic heat of reaction for zeolite-catalyzed paraffin aromatization is provided by a co-fed oxygenate stream. Advantageously, the addition of a dehydrogenation metal to the zeolite reduces the reaction temperature for paraffin aromatization to a range suitable for the exothermic conversion of an oxygenate to C.sub.5 + gasoline. Preferred paraffinic feedstreams include C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 LGP and the preferred oxygenate is methanol.

Abstract: This invention provides a fixed bed of nonuniformly sized grade catalyst particles for hydrocracking or hydrodesulfurization. The graded particles are arranged with the largest particles in either the upstream or the downstream portion of the bed. In either case, when compared with the conventional bed of uniformly sized particles, the graded bed of this invention shows enhanced hydrocarbon conversion activity for heavy oils over a useful range of conversion. Such catalyst bed is particularly useful in moderate hydrocracking operating at less than 1000 psig (7000 kPa) pressure.

Abstract: The quality of alkylate resulting from the alkylation of isoparaffin with olefin in the presence of an alkylation catalyst comprising a large pore zeolite, e.g., zeolite Beta, and a Lewis acid, e.g., BF.sub.3, is significantly improved by the presence of added water in the alkylation reaction zone.

Abstract: An improved continuous process for alkylation of isoparaffins with olefins to yield a product which includes a large proportion of highly branced paraffins for making gasoline having improved octane is taught. The improved process comprises contacting isoparaffins and olefins with a composite catalyst comprising a Lewis acid and a non-zeolitic inorganic oxide in the presence of a controlled amount of water. The process results in reduced catalyst aging and obviates environmental problems associated with prior art processes.

Abstract: Modified ZSM-5 type zeolite catalyst is prepared by controlled aging in a moving bed catalytic cracking unit. The modified catalyst exhibits significant olefin isomerization activity and reduced paraffin cracking activity. Hydrocarbons are cracked to products boiling in the motor fuel range, e.g., gasoline, by using the modified catalyst mixture comprising a ZSM-5 type zeolite and a conventional cracking catalyst. The ZSM-5 type zeolite is treated with partial pressure steam under conditions which increase the gasoline octane number of the product fuel without decreasing gasoline plus distillate yield. A process for changing a catalytic cracking unit's inventory from a conventional catalyst to a modified ZSM-5 type containing catalyst is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention describes improved FCC and TCC stripper operations by incorporating a stripper operated at a reduced pressure. The improved strippers of the invention will increase total liquid hydrocarbon yield while reducing the coke load on the regenerator. Novel porous TCC bead catalysts are disclosed wherein at least 1/3 of the pore volume of catalyst pores having a pore diameter of at least 3000 Angstroms. These macropores facilitate flash vaporization of hydrocarbons in a stripping zone of the spent catalyst upstream of a regeneration zone.

Abstract: An improved process for alkylation of isoparaffins with olefins to yield a product which includes a high proportion of highly branched paraffins for making gasoline having improved octane is taught. The improved process comprises isomerizing the olefins and then contacting effluent and isoparaffins with a composite catalyst comprising a Lewis acid and a large pore zeolite and/or a non-zeolitic inorganic oxide. The beneficial effects of low temperature operation and the use of water in the process are also noted. The process results in reduced catalyst aging and obviates environmental problems associated with prior art processes.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved method and apparatus for creating a more uniform filter cake on a vacuum filter belt. A weir box for depositing a slurry on the filter belt has an outlet in the form of a plurality of slots spaced transversely of the filter belt with each slot being in the form of a truncated triangle with the base of the triangle being located closer to the filter belt than the truncated portion of the triangle.

Abstract: An improvement in gasoline octane without substantial decrease in overall yield is obtained in an integrated process combining a fluidized catalytic cracking reaction and a fluidized catalyst olefin oligomerization reaction when crystalline medium pore shape selective zeolite catalyst particles are withdrawn in partially deactivated form from the oligomerization reaction stage and added as part of the active catalyst in the FCC reaction.

Abstract: An inlet distributor system for a fixed bed catalyst reactor which includes an inlet deflector cone positioned to deflect liquid in cooperation with a splash plate onto a liquid distributor trough positioned therebelow. An upper tray is positioned beneath the distributor trough to receive liquid therefrom. The upper distributor tray has a series of risers in spaced position thereon and extending above and below the upper distributor tray. The risers are hollow and open above and below the upper distributor tray to permit vapor to pass through the tray and each riser has a plurality of weir slots cut into its outer surface through which liquid can pass through the tray. A lower distributor tray is positioned beneath the upper distributor tray to receive liquid passing through the weir slots of the risers. The lower distributor tray has a series of risers and downpipes thereon arranged in a predetermined pattern.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of alkyl tertiary-alkyl ether concurrent with the alkylation of isoparaffins with olefins. The composite zeolite catalyst is reactivated in the alkyl tertiary-alkyl ether synthesis reactor.