Abstract: An information processing apparatus for processing information on semiconductor treatment apparatus includes an abnormality information display device which displays information on an abormality in semiconductor treatment apparatus, a countermeasure information receiving device which receives countermeasure information on countermeasure, a countermeasure information storing device which stores the countermeasure information matched with abnormality identification information, an output device which outputs the countermeasure and abnormality identification information via communication device to outside, a countermeasure item display device which displays countermeasure item candidates, a countermeasure item storing device which stores countermeasure item selected from the candidates matched with the abnormality identification information, a countermeasure item transmitting device which transmits the countermeasure item and abnormality identification information via the communication device to outside, a count

Abstract: Disclosed are niobium oxide having a high catalytic activity and high performance niobium phosphate. Niobium oxide is prepared by reacting a niobium compound, a chelating agent and a catalyst in a solvent in an inert gas atmosphere. Niobium oxide thus prepared is added phosphoric acid for phosphorylation in order to prepare niobium phosphate.

Abstract: A device comprises first frequency calculating means (142) for calculating a function value IDF(P) of the frequency of an index word in a document (d) to be examined in a group of documents (P) to be compared, second frequency calculating means (171) for calculating a function value IDF(S) of the frequency of the index word in a group of similar documents (S) similar to the document (d), coordinate transforming means (181) for transforming the position of each index word by conformal mapping on a coordinate system where the calculated function value IDF (P) goes on a first axis of the coordinate system and the calculated function value IDF(S) goes on a second axis, and output means (4) for outputting the index words and their positioning data according to the transformed coordinate data of the index words. With this, the character of the document is accurately expressed, or the tendency of the whole of the documents group to be examined can be analyzed.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods for inhibiting adhesions. The methods involve administering solutions containing hydrogel precursors such as polysaccharide derivatives, e.g., derivatives of hyaluronic acid, cellulose, or dextran, to a subject at a site where adhesions may form, e.g., as a consequence of surgery, injury, or infection. The hydrogel precursors, e.g., polysaccharide derivatives, become crosslinked following their administration to form a hydrogel that maintains tissue separation. In certain embodiments of the invention one or both solutions contains particles, e.g., polymeric nanoparticles or microparticles, so that a composite hydrogel containing the particles is formed. The solution(s), particle(s), or both, may contain a biologically active agent such as an agent that contributes to inhibiting adhesions. The biologically active agent may be covalently attached to a hydrogel precursor.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus has a toner carrier and a toner passing control having a plurality of toner passing holes for controlling passage of a toner. The toner passing control has upstream side secured, the downstream side extended by a spring, and is contacted with a stay on the downstream side of the contact point with the toner carrier, so that corrugation deformation is prevented. A vibrating plate and an ultrasonic vibration generator are coupled through a coupling portion, thereby relative displacement between the vibrating plate and the ultrasonic vibration generator is allowed. A detachable toner cartridge is formed by integrating a developing roller and a toner storing container.

Abstract: A thermal recording apparatus having a thermal head including a plurality of heating element groups each of which consists of a plurality of heating elements driven simultaneously and arranged in a row is so improved that it can record images without forming printing gaps. The apparatus has a driving unit for producing driving signals indicative of tones of the image data of pixels to drive the heating elements. The pixels correspond to the heating elements, respectively. The period of time of driving the heating elements is varied in accordance with the tones. The driving unit comprises a modification circuit for modifying the period of time of driving at least one of the heating elements which is disposed at each of both ends of each of the heating element groups.