Abstract: A conductive contact unit includes a conductive contact holder, a conductive contact, and an aligning unit. The conductive contact holder includes a first guiding grooves and a second guiding groove opposite to the first guiding groove, each slidably engaging one edge of the conductive contact. The conductive contact has a plate-like shape, and includes a first contacting element and a second contacting element that are brought into contact with different circuitries, a resilient element that is expandable and contractible in a longitudinal direction between the first contacting element and the second contacting element, a first connecting element that connects the resilient element and the first contacting element, and a second connecting element that connects the resilient element and the second contacting element. The aligning unit aligns the conductive contacts.

Abstract: A conductive contact includes a first contacting element that is brought into contact with one of different circuitries; a second contacting element that is brought into contact with another one of the different circuitries; a resilient element that is interposed between the first contacting element and the second contacting element to be expandable and contractible in a longitudinal direction; a first connecting element that connects the resilient element and the first contacting element; and a second connecting element that connects the resilient element and the second contacting element, and has an opening penetrating therethrough in a through-thickness direction. At least a portion of the resilient element is shorter than the first connecting element and the second connecting element in a width direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and the through-thickness direction.

Abstract: A conductive contact unit includes plate-like conductive contacts for electrically connecting different circuitries. Each conductive contact includes a first contacting element to be brought in physical contact with one circuitry, a second contacting element to be brought in physical contact with another circuitry, an elastic element, between the first contacting element and the second contacting element, a first connecting element that connects the elastic element and the first contacting element, and a second connecting element that connects the elastic element and the second contacting element and that has an opening. The conductive contact unit also includes a conductive contact holder including first guiding grooves and second guiding grooves facing the first guiding grooves. The conductive contact holder holds the conductive contacts with both longitudinal outside ends of each conductive contact being slidably engaged with the first and the second guiding grooves.

Abstract: A conductive contact includes a first contacting element that is brought into contact with one of different circuitries; a second contacting element that is brought into contact with another one of the different circuitries; a resilient element that is interposed between the first contacting element and the second contacting element to be expandable and contractible in a longitudinal direction; a first connecting element that connects the resilient element and the first contacting element; and a second connecting element that connects the resilient element and the second contacting element, and has an opening penetrating therethrough in a through-thickness direction. At least a portion of the resilient element is shorter than the fist connecting element and the second connecting element in a width direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and the through-thickness direction.

Abstract: A conductive contact unit establishes an electrical connection between different circuitries, and includes a plurality of conductive contacts that receive and output an electrical signal from and to the circuitries, respectively. The conductive contact unit includes a conductive contact holder that accommodates and holds the conductive contacts, and a vibration applying unit that applies vibration to the conductive contact holder.

Abstract: A conductive contact unit includes plate-like conductive contacts for electrically connecting different circuitries. Each conductive contact includes a first contacting element to be brought in physical contact with one circuitry, a second contacting element to be brought in physical contact with another circuitry, an elastic element between the first contacting element and the second contacting element, a first connecting element that connects the elastic element and the first contacting element, and a second connecting element that connects the elastic element and the second contacting element and that has an opening. The conductive contact unit also includes a conductive contact holder including first guiding grooves and second guiding grooves facing the first guiding grooves. The conductive contact holder holds the conductive contacts with both longitudinal outside ends of each conductive contact being slidably engaged with the first and the second guiding grooves.

Abstract: A conductive contact unit establishes an electrical connection between different circuitries, and includes a plurality of conductive contacts that receive and output an electrical signal from and to the circuitries, respectively. The conductive contact unit includes a conductive contact holder that accommodates and holds the conductive contacts, and a vibration applying unit that applies vibration to the conductive contact holder.

Abstract: A probe holder is for containing a plurality of probes for inputting and outputting an electrical signal to and from a circuitry when the probes come in contact with the circuitry. The probe holder includes a distal end for holding the probes; a proximal end that supports the distal end; and a flexure-causing unit between the distal end and the proximal end to cause a flexure of the distal end relative to the proximal end.

Abstract: A conductive contact unit includes a conductive contact holder, a conductive contact, and an aligning unit. The conductive contact holder includes a first guiding grooves and a second guiding groove opposite to the first guiding groove, each slidably engaging one edge of the conductive contact. The conductive contact has a plate-like shape, and includes a first contacting element and a second contacting element that are brought into contact with different circuitries, a resilient element that is expandable and contractible in a longitudinal direction between the first contacting element and the second contacting element, a first connecting element that connects the resilient element and the first contacting element, and a second connecting element that connects the resilient element and the second contacting element. The aligning unit aligns the conductive contacts.

Abstract: A chemical conversion film formation-evaluating liquid for steel comprising an iron-dissolving liquid and a pH indicator, wherein pH value of the evaluating liquid is confined within the range of 4.0-8.0 with a lower limit of pH transition interval of the pH indicator being larger than the pH value, as a whole, of the evaluating liquid by a value of 0.1-3.0.