Abstract: A toner additive comprising a polymer of at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of vinyltoluene, ?-methyl styrene and isopropenyl toluene, which has a ring and ball softening point of 130-170° C., or a copolymer of styrene and at least one kind of monomer selected from the above group which has a ring and ball softening point of 110-170° C. By adding such toner additive to a toner, an electrostatic image developing toner which has excellent pulverizability in the pulverizing process and does not fuse to equipment can be obtained. In addition, such toner additive does not affect the fundamental performances of a toner such as electrostatic performance, fixing performance, color, etc. Therefore, an electrostatic image developing toner and electrostatic image developer capable of producing a high quality image can be obtained at a low cost.

Abstract: A toner additive comprising a polymer of at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of vinyltoluene, a-methyl styrene and isopropenyl toluene, which has a ring and ball softening point of 130-170° C., or a copolymer of styrene and at least one kind of monomer selected from the above group which has a ring and ball softening point of 110-170° C. By adding such toner additive to a toner, an electrostatic image developing toner which has excellent pulverizability in the pulverizing process and does not fuse to equipment can be obtained. In addition, such toner additive does not affect the fundamental performances of a toner such as electrostatic performance, fixing performance, color, etc. Therefore, an electrostatic image developing toner and electrostatic image developer capable of producing a high quality image can be obtained at a low cost.

Abstract: A toner additive comprising a polymer of at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of vinyltoluene, &agr;-methyl styrene and isopropenyl toluene, which has a ring and ball softening point of 130-170° C., or a copolymer of styrene and at least one kind of monomer selected from the above group which has a ring and ball softening point of 110-170° C. By adding such toner additive to a toner, an electrostatic image developing toner which has excellent pulverizability in the pulverizing process and does not fuse to equipment can be obtained. In addition, such toner additive does not affect the fundamental performances of a toner such as electrostatic performance, fixing performance, color, etc. Therefore, an electrostatic image developing toner and electrostatic image developer capable of producing a high quality image can be obtained at a low cost.

Abstract: A preparation process of a degradable copolymer comprising carrying out dehydration polycondensation of polysaccharide (A) with one or more compounds (B) selected from the group consisting of:(b1) hydroxycarboxylic acid,(b2) polyhydroxycarboxylic acid,(b3) aliphatic polyhydric alcohol and aliphatic polybasic acid, and(b4) aliphatic polyester derived from aliphatic polyhydric alcohol and aliphatic polybasic acid.A copolymer having a high molecular weight, excellent toughness, transparency and heat resistance, and additionally having a high melt tension can be obtained with a reaction time less than a half of the conventional process. The copolymer obtained by the invention is a material suited for injection molding, extrusion, calendaring, blow forming, balloon forming, vacuum forming and foaming. Particularly, the copolymer obtained by the invention has a high melt tension and thus the molten copolymer is difficult to sag and flow and can be processed with ease into foams and blow bottles.

Abstract: Formed products such as foams, fabrics for industrial materials, filaments, nonwoven fabrics, composite materials and films which are degradable after use with ease in the natural environment are prepared by using a high molecular weight aliphatic polyester obtained by direct polycondensation of an aliphatic polyhydric alcohol with aliphatic polybasic acid or additionally hydroxycarboxylic acid or oligomers of these materials in a reaction mixture containing a solvent.

Abstract: Formed products such as foams, fabrics for industrial materials, filaments, nonwoven fabrics, composite materials and films which are degradable after use with ease in the natural environment are prepared by using a high molecular weight aliphatic polyester obtained by direct polycondensation of an aliphatic polyhydric alcohol with aliphatic polybasic acid or additionally hydroxycarboxylic acid or oligomers of these materials in a reaction mixture containing a solvent.

Abstract: The invention is a method of dyeing aliphatic polyester filaments with a disperse dye by selecting a dyeing temperature, dyeing pH, and dyeing time in such a way that the weight average molecular weight of the aliphatic polyester filament has a lowering ratio of 20% or less.The invention is a method for dyeing the aliphatic polyester filament with good reproducibility and level dyeing property while substantially maintaining the molecular weight and the essential excellent properties of the aliphatic polyester filament, and can provide dyed articles which have high strength, are excellent in level dyeing property and color fastness to light, and have various hues.

Abstract: A preparation process of aliphatic polyester having a weight average molecular weight of 15,000 or more by conducting a direct polycondensation reaction of an aliphatic polyhydric alcohol or a mixed aliphatic polyhydric alcohol and an aliphatic polybasic acid or a mixed aliphatic polybasic acid, or additionally a hydroxycarboxylic acid or a mixed hydroxycarboxylic acid or an oligomer of the hydroxycarboxylic acid in a reaction mixture containing an organic solvent.The aliphatic polyester thus obtained contains an extremely small amount of impurities, has low color and can exhibit satisfactory strength in the form of films, filaments and other shaped articles.

Abstract: A preparation process of aliphatic polyester having a weight average molecular weight of 15,000 or more by conducting a direct polycondensation reaction of an aliphatic polyhydric alcohol or a mixed aliphatic polyhydric alcohol and an aliphatic polybasic acid or a mixed aliphatic polybasic acid, or additionally a hydroxycarboxylic acid or a mixed hydroxycarboxylic acid or an oligomer of the hydroxycarboxylic acid in a reaction mixture containing an organic solvent.The aliphatic polyester thus obtained contains an extremely small amount of impurities, has low color and can exhibit satisfactory strength in the form of films, filaments and other shaped articles.