Abstract: A light emitting diode (LED) module includes: an LED that emits an ultraviolet ray; an information holding apparatus; and a module-side connector electrically connected to the LED and the information holding apparatus.

Abstract: A light emitting diode (LED) module includes: an LED that emits an ultraviolet ray; a metallic cylindrical body in which the LED is accommodated; and a metallic coupling for fixing the metallic cylindrical body to a culture apparatus by being engaged with an engaged portion fixed to the culture apparatus, in which the metallic cylindrical body and the metallic coupling dissipate heat generated by the LED to the engaged portion.

Abstract: A culture apparatus includes a box and a light emitting diode (LED) module detachably attached to the box and configured to emit an ultraviolet ray inside the box.

Abstract: Provided is a method for peeling a PSA sheet adhered on a polarizing plate. The PSA sheet has a PSA layer. The PSA layer includes a layer A forming at least one surface of the PSA layer. Of the polarizing plate, the surface to which the PSA sheet is adhered is corona-treated or plasma-treated. The peeling method includes a water-peel step in which the PSA sheet is peeled from the polarizing plate, in a state where an aqueous liquid exits at the interface between the polarizing plate and the PSA sheet at the front line of peeling the PSA sheet from the polarizing plate, with the aqueous liquid allowed to further enter the interface following the movement of the peel front line.

Abstract: There is provided a management server technology that allows a user to continuously use a business function of a business server without logging in again to the business server, even if the authority of the user to the business server is changed. The business server receives an access from a user terminal, and requests a management server to perform user authentication. In response to the authentication request, the management server determines a future scheduled authority of the user, generates not only authority information at the time of the user authentication, but also a determination result including the future scheduled authority information, and transmits them to the business server. The business server provides the user terminal with a new business function based on the scheduled user authority information, upon expiration of a validity period of the user authority to the current business function.