Abstract: A method for forming a PN junction in graphene includes: forming a graphene layer, and forming a DNA molecule layer on a partial region of the graphene layer, the DNA molecule layer having a nucleotide sequence structure designed to provide the graphene layer with a predetermined doping property upon adsorption on the graphene layer. The DNA molecule has a nucleotide sequence structure designed for doping of graphene so that doped graphene has a specific semiconductor property. The DNA molecule is coated on the surface of the graphene layer of which the partial region is exposed by micro patterning, and thereby, PN junctions of various structures may be formed by a region coated with the DNA molecule and a non-coated region in the graphene layer.

Abstract: Disclosed are a device for detecting a single photon available at a room temperature, which includes: a signal transmitting unit including a first electrode and a second electrode spaced apart from each other and at least one nanostructure disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, the first electrode receiving a signal from the signal generating unit; a photonic crystal lattice structure for receiving a photon, the photonic crystal lattice structure having an optical waveguide for guiding the received photon to the first electrode, the optical waveguide being formed by a plurality of dielectric structures; and a single photon detector for detecting a photon by analyzing a signal output to the second electrode, and a method for detecting a single photon using the device.

Abstract: An optical logic gate includes: a DNA based nanostructure including DNA and metal nanoparticles coupled to the DNA, the DNA based nanostructure being configured to rotate a polarization plane of an incident light; a polarizer to which light passing through the DNA based nanostructure is incident, the polarizer being configured to extract a component in a direction of a predetermined reference axis from light whose polarization plane is rotated by the DNA based nanostructure; and a detection unit to which light passing through the polarizer is incident, the detection unit being configured to generate a logic signal based on a result obtained by comparing the intensity of the component in the reference axis direction extracted by the polarizer with a predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a positioning system and a method based on a radio communication apparatus including multiple antennas, and more particularly, to a positioning system and a method of positioning a terminal using a communication apparatus including multiple antennas. The positioning system and the method based on a radio communication apparatus including multiple antennas calculate a position of a terminal using a single communication apparatus in which the multiple antennas are mounted and can calculate the position of the terminal more accurately by using two or more communication apparatuses. In addition, the positioning system and the method communicate with a transception apparatus, a relay station, or a wireless access point of an existing communication system, thereby accurately obtaining the position of the terminal.

Abstract: A photoluminescence wavelength tunable material may include a composite including a graphene oxide layer and metal nanoparticles attached on the graphene oxide layer. By attaching the metal nanoparticles to the graphene oxide, the photoluminescence wavelength (i.e., the color of emitted light) of the graphene oxide may be tuned while maintaining the structure and physical properties of graphene oxide. The photoluminescence wavelength tunable material may be applied to an energy harvesting device such as a solar cell which exhibits high efficiency with less loss of light.

Abstract: A photoreceptor protein-based spectrophotometer may include a field-effect transistor and a photoreceptor protein on the field-effect transistor (FET), the photoreceptor protein exhibiting change in electrical properties by absorbing light and being activated. Since the spectrophotometer can convert the light absorbed by the photoreceptor protein to an electrical signal using the FET, it can mimic human vision by using human photoreceptor proteins. The spectrophotometer can measure the color, intensity, etc. of light of broad wavelength ranges as in human vision. Thus, the spectrophotometer can be applied to the development of artificial vision, etc.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring ganglion cells may include: a light generation unit configured to irradiate a first light signal polarized in a first direction and a second light signal polarized in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction to a subject; a reflected light processing unit configured to generate an amplification signal corresponding to an image of the subject using a first reflection signal, which is the first light signal reflected from the subject, and a second reflection signal, which is the second light signal reflected from the subject; and an image processing unit configured to measure ganglion cells in the subject using the amplification signal. The apparatus may be used to count the number of normal ganglion cells in the retina by measuring a phase difference of two lights polarized in different directions. The apparatus may also be used to monitor the progress of glaucoma.

Abstract: A driving wheel of a robot moving along a wire includes an inner wheel in which a rotation axis being driven to rotate by a motor is fitted, an outer wheel formed to surround the inner wheel and seated on the wire, and a shock absorbing support to elastically connect and support the inner wheel and the outer wheel between the inner wheel and the outer wheel, and a shock being transmitted is absorbed by allowing a relative movement of the inner wheel and the outer wheel by the elastic movement of the shock absorbing support. A robot moving includes a robot body, the driving wheel, a motor to drive the driving wheel by rotating the rotation axis, a connecting arm to connect and support the driving wheel and the robot body.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring ganglion cells may include: a light generation unit configured to irradiate a first light signal polarized in a first direction and a second light signal polarized in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction to a subject; a reflected light processing unit configured to generate an amplification signal corresponding to an image of the subject using a first reflection signal, which is the first light signal reflected from the subject, and a second reflection signal, which is the second light signal reflected from the subject; and an image processing unit configured to measure ganglion cells in the subject using the amplification signal. The apparatus may be used to count the number of normal ganglion cells in the retina by measuring a phase difference of two lights polarized in different directions. The apparatus may also be used to monitor the progress of glaucoma.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a positioning system and a method based on a radio communication apparatus including multiple antennas, and more particularly, to a positioning system and a method of positioning a terminal using a communication apparatus including multiple antennas. The positioning system and the method based on a radio communication apparatus including multiple antennas calculate a position of a terminal using a single communication apparatus in which the multiple antennas are mounted and can calculate the position of the terminal more accurately by using two or more communication apparatuses. In addition, the positioning system and the method communicate with a transception apparatus, a relay station, or a wireless access point of an existing communication system, thereby accurately obtaining the position of the terminal.