Abstract: A method for controlling a fuel cell that includes an electrochemical reactor; a cooling circuit; a controller; a coolant circuit; a first temperature sensor; and a second temperature sensor. The cooling circuit includes a cooling pipe and is configured to cool the electrochemical reactor; the controller is configured to control operations of the electrochemical reactor and the cooling circuit; the cooling pipe includes a first water inlet and a first water outlet; and the coolant circuit is connected to the first water inlet and the first water outlet. The method includes comparing the first temperature of the coolant at the first water inlet to the second temperature at the first water outlet; and controlling operations of the heater and the electrochemical reactor based on the comparison result.

Abstract: A method for controlling a fuel cell that includes an electrochemical reactor; a cooling circuit; a controller; a coolant circuit; a first temperature sensor; and a second temperature sensor. The cooling circuit includes a cooling pipe and is configured to cool the electrochemical reactor; the controller is configured to control operations of the electrochemical reactor and the cooling circuit; the cooling pipe includes a first water inlet and a first water outlet; and the coolant circuit is connected to the first water inlet and the first water outlet. The method includes comparing the first temperature of the coolant at the first water inlet to the second temperature at the first water outlet; and controlling operations of the heater and the electrochemical reactor based on the comparison result.

Abstract: A fuel cell including an electrochemical reactor; a cooling circuit; a controller; a coolant circuit; a first temperature sensor; and a second temperature sensor. The cooling circuit includes a cooling pipe, a water pump, a radiator, a heater, and a thermostatic three-way valve. The cooling circuit is configured to cool the electrochemical reactor. The controller is configured to control operations of the electrochemical reactor and the cooling circuit. The cooling pipe includes a first water inlet and a first water outlet; and the coolant circuit is disposed between the first water inlet and the first water outlet. The first temperature sensor is disposed at the first water inlet. The second temperature sensor is disposed at the first water outlet. The first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor are configured to detect and transmit temperature data of a coolant in the cooling pipe to the controller.

Abstract: A fuel cell including an electrochemical reactor; a cooling circuit; a controller; a coolant circuit; a first temperature sensor; and a second temperature sensor. The cooling circuit includes a cooling pipe, a water pump, a radiator, a heater, and a thermostatic three-way valve. The cooling circuit is configured to cool the electrochemical reactor. The controller is configured to control operations of the electrochemical reactor and the cooling circuit. The cooling pipe includes a first water inlet and a first water outlet; and the coolant circuit is disposed between the first water inlet and the first water outlet. The first temperature sensor is disposed at the first water inlet. The second temperature sensor is disposed at the first water outlet. The first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor are configured to detect and transmit temperature data of a coolant in the cooling pipe to the controller.