Abstract: An apparatus for testing a random number generator includes a correlation test circuit and a randomness determination circuit. The correlation test circuit extracts a first plurality of bit pairs each including two bits spaced apart from each other by a first distance in a bit stream generated by the random number generator, obtains a first sum of differences between respective two bits of the first plurality of bit pairs, and obtains a second sum of differences between respective two bits of a second plurality of bit pairs, the second plurality of bit pairs each including two bits spaced apart from each other by a second distance, different from the first distance, in the bit stream. The randomness determination circuit determines a randomness of the bit stream, based on the first sum and the second sum.

Abstract: A display apparatus is provided. The display apparatus includes a substrate, a display panel on the substrate, and an encapsulation film sealing the display panel. The encapsulation film includes at least one organic layer and/or at least one inorganic layer and at least one pair of conductive layers.

Abstract: A membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell, the membrane-electrode assembly including an electrolyte membrane; an edge protective layer located at generally an edge of the electrolyte membrane; and a catalytic layer including a plate portion contacting the electrolyte membrane and a protruding portion protruding from the plate portion and contacting the edge protective layer.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting display apparatus and a manufacturing method thereof. The organic light-emitting display apparatus includes a substrate, a display unit arranged on the substrate, a dam unit arranged at a periphery of the display unit and on the substrate and an encapsulating layer to encapsulate the display unit, wherein the encapsulating layer includes an organic film covering the display unit, and an inorganic film covering the organic film and the dam unit, and wherein a hardness of the dam unit is lower than that of the inorganic film. According to this, lateral moisture-proof characteristics of the organic light-emitting display apparatus are improved.

Abstract: The light emitting display device comprises: a substrate including a plurality of pixels that are arranged in a first direction and a second direction that crosses the first direction; a first electrode for each pixel on the substrate; a pixel defining layer on the substrate, the pixel defining layer having an opening for exposing the first electrode; a hole injection layer on the first electrode; a lyophilic pattern extending on the hole injection layer to cover the first electrode and the pixel defining layer that are on a same line in the first direction, and extending up to an outer region of outermost pixels of the plurality of pixels in the first direction; a hole transport layer on the lyophilic pattern; a light emitting layer on the hole transport layer; and a second electrode on the light emitting layer, wherein the lyophilic pattern includes a first lyophilic pattern having a plurality of grooves on one end portion thereof in the first direction and a second lyophilic pattern having a plurality of g

Abstract: A spot welding device for a nuclear fuel skeleton, which is assembled by spot-welding guide tubes for control rods and a instrumentation tube for measuring a state of an inside of a nuclear reactor to a spacer grid that has a plurality of cells formed in a thickness direction of a plate-shaped frame for inserting fuel rods, has a instrumentation tube hole formed at a center, and has four guide tube holes formed symmetrically above and below the instrumentation tube hole. The device includes: a welding gun including: a body, a first holder and a second holder extending from a side of the body and having respective electrodes facing each other at ends, respectively, and a driving unit disposed on the body and adjusting a distance between the electrodes; and a robot connected to the welding gun and having a rotary joint for rotating the welding gun.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a technology of determining an engine friction torque even when idling of an engine is not performed, by providing a certain engine Revolutions per Minute (RPM) in stop state of the engine using Hybrid Starter & Generator (HSG) connected to an engine pulley. The present disclosure provides a technology of determining an accurate engine friction torque using a torque provided from the outside of an engine instead of a torque generated the engine itself.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an anti-coking catalyst having a physical property of reducing coke formation, which comprises a solid acid catalyst containing gadolinium (Gd) on the surface, a preparation method thereof, and a use thereof. The preparation method includes a first step of determining the amount of gadolinium (Gd) or a Gd-providing precursor to be used relative to the total weight of the solid acid catalyst, which reduces the coking of a specific solid acid catalyst below a specific level under a specific reaction condition; and a second step of preparing a Gd-containing solid acid catalyst using the amount determined in the first step. The catalyst according to the present invention is a catalyst in which an appropriate weight ratio of gadolinium is supported on the surface of a pure solid acid substance or solid acid substance on which a specific metal is supported.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cap assembly for a secondary battery mounted on an opening of a can. The cap assembly comprises: a top cap; a safety element disposed on a lower portion of the top cap; a safety vent disposed on a lower portion of the safety element; and a gasket surrounding edges of the top cap, the safety element, and the safety vent and mounted on the opening of the can, wherein an impact absorption part absorbing an impact from the gasket is disposed between an inner wall of the gasket and an outer circumferential surface of the safety vent.

Abstract: The inventive concept provides MIT devices molded by clear compound epoxy and fire detecting devices including the MIT device. The fire detecting device is supplied with a power source from a power control device. The fire detecting device includes a MIT device including a MIT chip molded by a clear compound epoxy, a diode bridge circuit supplied with the power source from the power control device for providing a non-polar power source, a notice circuit supplied with the non-polar power source from the diode bridge circuit for warning of a fire alarm in response to a detecting signal from the MIT device, and a stabilization circuit for maintaining the detecting signal for a certain period.

Abstract: Provided is an organic electroluminescent display device, including a substrate, an organic light-emitting device on the substrate, and an encapsulation layer formed on the organic light-emitting device and the substrate. The encapsulation layer includes an inorganic layer and a polymer organic layer alternatingly stacked with an intermediate layer formed of a first organic monomer between the inorganic layer and the polymer organic layer, and one surface of the intermediate layer is bonded to the inorganic layer through bonding sites on a surface of the inorganic layer and another surface of the intermediate layer is bonded to the organic layer by polymerization.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting display apparatus and a manufacturing method thereof. The organic light-emitting display apparatus includes a substrate, a display unit arranged on the substrate, a dam unit arranged at a periphery of the display unit and on the substrate and an encapsulating layer to encapsulate the display unit, wherein the encapsulating layer includes an organic film covering the display unit, and an inorganic film covering the organic film and the dam unit, and wherein a hardness of the dam unit is lower than that of the inorganic film. According to this, lateral moisture-proof characteristics of the organic light-emitting display apparatus are improved.

Abstract: A semiconductor device and a manufacturing method thereof, the semiconductor device including an insulation layer; a metal resistance pattern on the insulation layer; a spacer on a side wall of the metal resistance pattern; and a gate contact spaced apart from the spacer, the gate contact extending into the insulation layer, wherein the insulation layer includes a projection projecting therefrom, the projection contacting the gate contact.

Abstract: Provided is an organic electroluminescent display device, including a substrate, an organic light-emitting device on the substrate, and an encapsulation layer formed on the organic light-emitting device and the substrate. The encapsulation layer includes an inorganic layer and a polymer organic layer alternatingly stacked with an intermediate layer formed of a first organic monomer between the inorganic layer and the polymer organic layer, and one surface of the intermediate layer is bonded to the inorganic layer through bonding sites on a surface of the inorganic layer and another surface of the intermediate layer is bonded to the organic layer by polymerization.

Abstract: A light-emitting display device includes a substrate having a plurality of pixels. A first electrode is provided on the substrate for each pixel, and a pixel defining layer defines each of the pixels. The pixel defining layer has an opening to expose the first electrode. A charge injection layer is on the first electrode, and a surface processing layer is on the charge injection layer. The surface processing layer extends from inside the opening of the pixel defining layer to a top surface of the pixel defining layer. The surface processing layer including a plurality of grooves in a portion extending on the top surface of the pixel defining layer. A charge transport layer is on the surface processing layer, a light-emitting layer is on the charge transport layer, and a second electrode is on the light-emitting layer.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting display apparatus and a manufacturing method thereof. The organic light-emitting display apparatus includes a substrate, a display unit arranged on the substrate, a dam unit arranged at a periphery of the display unit and on the substrate and an encapsulating layer to encapsulate the display unit, wherein the encapsulating layer includes an organic film covering the display unit, and an inorganic film covering the organic film and the dam unit, and wherein a hardness of the dam unit is lower than that of the inorganic film. According to this, lateral moisture-proof characteristics of the organic light-emitting display apparatus are improved.

Abstract: Provided is an organic electroluminescent display device, including a substrate, an organic light-emitting device on the substrate, and an encapsulation layer formed on the organic light-emitting device and the substrate. The encapsulation layer includes an inorganic layer and a polymer organic layer alternatingly stacked with an intermediate layer formed of a first organic monomer between the inorganic layer and the polymer organic layer, and one surface of the intermediate layer is bonded to the inorganic layer through bonding sites on a surface of the inorganic layer and another surface of the intermediate layer is bonded to the organic layer by polymerization.

Abstract: Semiconductor device, method for fabricating the same and electronic devices including the semiconductor device are provided. The semiconductor device comprises an interlayer insulating layer formed on a substrate and including a trench, a gate electrode formed in the trench, a first gate spacer formed on a side wall of the gate electrode to have an L shape, a second gate spacer formed on the first gate spacer to have an L shape and having a dielectric constant lower than that of silicon nitride, and a third spacer formed on the second gate spacer.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices including a stressor in a recess and methods of forming the semiconductor devices are provided. The methods may include forming a trench in an active region and the trench may include a notched portion of the active region. The methods may also include forming an embedded stressor in the trench. The embedded stressor may include a lower semiconductor layer and an upper semiconductor layer, which has a width narrower than a width of the lower semiconductor layer. A side of the upper semiconductor layer may not be aligned with a side of the lower semiconductor layer and an uppermost surface of the upper semiconductor layer may be higher than an uppermost surface of the active region.

Abstract: The inventive concept provides MIT devices molded by clear compound epoxy and fire detecting devices including the MIT device. The fire detecting device is supplied with a power source from a power control device. The fire detecting device includes a MIT device including a MIT chip molded by a clear compound epoxy, a diode bridge circuit supplied with the power source from the power control device for providing a non-polar power source, a notice circuit supplied with the non-polar power source from the diode bridge circuit for warning of a fire alarm in response to a detecting signal from the MIT device, and a stabilization circuit for maintaining the detecting signal for a certain period.