Abstract: A fixing device includes: an annular belt including an elastic layer formed of elastic material and a surface layer formed on a surface of the elastic layer, the annular belt having an internal diameter r [?m]; and a pressing member that makes contact with the surface layer of the annular belt, thereby forming a nip region, wherein t x · W r ? 245 ? ? ?m is satisfied, where tx [?m] denotes a thickness of the annular belt and W [?m] denotes a nip width of the nip region in a short-side direction of the nip region, the short-side direction being orthogonal to both a width direction and a thickness direction of the annular belt.

Abstract: A fixing device includes: an annular belt including an elastic layer formed of elastic material and a surface layer formed on a surface of the elastic layer, the annular belt having an internal diameter r [?m]; and a pressing member that makes contact with the surface layer of the annular belt, thereby forming a nip region, wherein t x · W r ? 245 ? ? ?m is satisfied, where tx [?m] denotes a thickness of the annular belt and W [?m] denotes a nip width of the nip region in a short-side direction of the nip region, the short-side direction being orthogonal to both a width direction and a thickness direction of the annular belt.

Abstract: A transfer belt according to one or more embodiments may include a surface to which a developer image is to be transferred and from which the transferred developer image is to be transferred from to a medium. The transfer belt may be configured having characteristics in which a dipole component of the surface of the transfer belt is not less than 0.3 dyn/cm and not larger than 1.9 dyn/cm.

Abstract: A transfer belt according to one or more embodiments may include a surface to which a developer image is to be transferred and from which the transferred developer image is to be transferred from to a medium. The transfer belt may be configured having characteristics in which a dipole component of the surface of the transfer belt is not less than 0.3 dyn/cm and not larger than 1.9 dyn/cm.

Abstract: A fixing device includes: a belt; a heating element that heats the belt; and a pressure member that faces the belt and forms a nip portion between the pressure member and the belt. A dielectric relaxation rate of the belt 10 seconds after applying a corona discharge at 7000V to the belt is greater than or equal to 9.5% and less than or equal to 28.9%.

Abstract: A fixing device includes: a belt; a heating element that heats the belt; and a pressure member that faces the belt and forms a nip portion between the pressure member and the belt. A dielectric relaxation rate of the belt 10 seconds after applying a corona discharge at 7000 V to the belt is greater than or equal to 9.5% and less than or equal to 28.9%.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a belt member. The belt member includes a first insulating layer, an electrically-conductive layer, and a second insulating layer in order. The following conditional expression (1) is satisfied, 9.11??log RV1?13.34???(1) where RV1 represents a volume resistance of the electrically-conductive layer on a condition that an applied voltage is 100 volts.

Abstract: A belt unit includes a belt that comprises at least one first recess part having an inner wall face and at least one second recess part formed on the inner wall face of the first recess part, and a drive body that drives the belt to rotate.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a belt member. The belt member includes a first insulating layer, an electrically-conductive layer, and a second insulating layer in order. The following conditional expression (1) is satisfied, 9.11??log RV1?13.34???(1) where RV1 represents a volume resistance of the electrically-conductive layer on a condition that an applied voltage is 100 volts.

Abstract: A belt unit includes a belt that comprises at least one first recess part having an inner wall face and at least one second recess part formed on the inner wall face of the first recess part, and a drive body that drives the belt to rotate.

Abstract: A belt unit includes: a belt member; a roller rotatably placed on an inner peripheral surface of the belt member; and a meander restraint member facing an edge portion of the belt member and configured to restrain the belt member from meandering while the belt member is running. The edge portion of the belt member includes a modification layer.

Abstract: A belt unit includes: a belt member; a roller rotatably placed on an inner peripheral surface of the belt member; and a meander restraint member facing an edge portion of the belt member and configured to restrain the belt member from meandering while the belt member is running. The edge portion of the belt member comprises a modification layer.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an economizer for absorbing heat of combustion products, wherein the surfaces of a series of continuous tubes extended through an exhaust gas pipe or duct are lined with glass pipes, the clearance between the exhaust pipe or duct wall and the tubes extended therethrough is sealed with gaskets, and water is circulated through the tubes.