Abstract: A lithium battery excellent in initial capacity, high rate discharge performance, low temperature performance and cycle life performance can be provided without the necessity of any special production step. In other words, the present invention lies in a lithium battery having a power-generating element comprising at least a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a separator wherein a gel electrolyte comprising at least a polymer and a liquid electrolyte is used in at least a part of the power-generating element, characterized in that the concentration of lithium salt in the liquid electrolyte is from 1.5 to 5 mols per l of the liquid electrolyte.

Abstract: A separator for battery and a power generating element for battery from which a battery having both excellent battery properties and high liquid electrolyte leakage preventive properties can be prepared and a battery having both excellent battery properties and high liquid electrolyte leakage preventive properties are provided.

Abstract: An electromagnetic brake comprises a plurality of electromagnetic coils disposed on a stationary part of a drive force supply unit and producing a magnetic field in response to energizing currents supplied thereto, a rotor made of a conductive material and disposed on a rotary shaft of the drive force supply unit and positioned so as to rotate in the magnetic field and produce an eddy current in the rotor. The eddy current converts the rotational energy imparted to the rotor through the shaft into heat and generates a breaking force. A switching unit connected to the electromagnetic coils selectively controls the flow of energizing current to the coils in accordance with switching data supplied thereto by a control unit, responsive to external control data, for selectively controlling the ON/OFF ratio of energizing current flow to the electromagnetic coils.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electrolyte for use in electrolytic capacitors and also to an electrolytic capacitor using the electrolyte. The solute for the electrolyte is a quaternary ammonium salt of either a carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of phthalic acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, hexahydrophthalic acid and maleic acid, or an alkyl or nitro-substituted compound of the acid. The electrolytic capacitor has improved low temperature characteristics and an improved variation in characteristics at high temperatures in relation to time with a prolonged life.

Abstract: An electrolyte for driving electrolytic capacitors and electrolytic capacitors using the electrolyte are described. The electrolyte comprises at least one quaternary ammonium salt of aliphatic saturated dicarboxylic acid having from 6 to 10 carbon atoms in total or a quaternary ammonium salt of glutaric acid, dissolved in a solvent comprised of an aliphatic polyol. When applied to an electrolytic capacitor, the electrolyte ensures improvements in loss characteristic and high temperature characteristics with time. Thus, the capacitor has a prolonged life.

Abstract: An electrolyte for use in electrolytic capacitors is provided. The electrolyte comprises a specified quaternary ammonium salt of a boric acid complex as a solute. A capacitor in which the electrolyte is used displays stable electrical characteristics at high temperatures as well as high sparking voltage and long life.

Abstract: The a system includes a visual inspection unit, a plating thickness inspection unit, and a shape inspection unit, suitably arranged in combination on the inspection line for automatic inspection of stains, flaws, glossiness or deformation in plated IC lead frames. The system can be used by an inventive method to correct errors in positional relation between a reference image and images input from an inspection camera, to obtain a comparison between a reference luminance curve and the individual luminance curves and the correlation between reflectivity and the corresponding area, and to obtain a comparison between the reference correlation and individual correlations to thereby enhance automation and precision in inspection IC lead frames.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electrolyte for use in electrolytic capacitors and also to an electrolytic capacitor using the electrolyte. The solute for the electrolyte is a quaternary ammonium salt of either a carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of phthalic acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, hexahydrophthalic acid and maleic acid, or an alkyl or nitro-substituted compound of the acid. The electrolytic capacitor has improved low temperature characteristics and an improved variation in characteristics at high temperatures in relation to time with a prolonged life.