Abstract: Methods and apparatus to develop an electrostatic latent image using conductive particles, such as carbon and metal particles with a low resistance value, without treating the surface with insulation membrane or other insulators that generate impurities in the conductive material printed by the imaging system.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to develop an electrostatic latent image using conductive particles, such as carbon and metal particles with a low resistance value, without treating the surface with insulation membrane or other insulators that generate impurities in the conductive material printed by the imaging system.

Abstract: An image-forming apparatus includes a photosensitive member having a gamma for latent image of 3 or more, electrification facilities, light exposure facilities, image development facilities, image transfer facilities, cleaning facilities, and a charge erasing light source which applies an alternating current electric field at a frequency of 50 Hz to 1 kHz to a portion of the photosensitive member which is excited through light exposure by the charge erasing light source. Images with high quality and high resolution can be stably formed without residual images, even when continuous image formation is performed by utilizing a high gamma electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: In an electronic copier provided with a light-sensitive medium, a charging station, an exposure station, a developing station, a transfer station and a fixing unit, the charging station includes a plurality of contact charging elements in contact with the light-sensitive medium and a voltage supply means for applying voltages to the contact charging elements. A voltage continuously rising in a predetermined period of time is supplied from the voltage supply means to the contact charging elements with the rotation of light-sensitive medium, and the light-sensitive medium is thus uniformly charged.