Abstract: When light is off, a transparent appearance is obtained, while when the light is on, light is seen through a transparent spot. The present invention includes a light source portion and a reflective portion. The light source portion emits light. The light source portion is disposed at a position shifted with respect to an emitting direction of emitted light from the reflective portion. The reflective portion reflects the light from the light source portion and emits it in a predetermined direction. The reflective portion is constituted by a transparent member with a refractive index at least in a visible light area larger than 1. As a result, in the present invention, the transparent appearance is obtained when the light is off, while the light is seen through the transparent spot when the light is on.

Abstract: Photoluminescence generated by excitation light emitted from an excitation light source can be effectively utilized. A vehicle lamp according to the present invention includes a lamp housing and a lamp lens forming a lamp chamber, an excitation light source disposed in the lamp chamber and emitting excitation light, and a luminescence unit fixed to the lamp lens on a side thereof closer to the lamp chamber and generating photoluminescence by the excitation light emitted from the excitation light source. The lamp lens is a lens that transmits the photoluminescence generated in the luminescence unit and emits the photoluminescence outside the lamp chamber. As a result, the present invention enables effective use of the photoluminescence generated by the excitation light emitted from the excitation light source.

Abstract: When light is off, a transparent appearance is obtained, while when the light is on, light is seen through a transparent spot. The present invention includes a light source portion and a reflective portion. The light source portion emits light. The light source portion is disposed at a position shifted with respect to an emitting direction of emitted light from the reflective portion. The reflective portion reflects the light from the light source portion and emits it in a predetermined direction. The reflective portion is constituted by a transparent member with a refractive index at least in a visible light area larger than 1. As a result, in the present invention, the transparent appearance is obtained when the light is off, while the light is seen through the transparent spot when the light is on.

Abstract: A simulation of behavior of a recording medium, which moves a conveyance path of an image forming apparatus, is performed. A transport error of the recoding medium is obtained based on a result of the simulation, and the transport error indicates a deviation between an orientation of the recording medium moving the conveyance path in an ideal transport state in which there is no disturbance, and a simulated orientation of the recording medium. A geometric characteristic screen is generated to present the obtained transport error.

Abstract: A simulation of behavior of a recording medium, which moves a conveyance path of an image forming apparatus, is performed. A transport error of the recoding medium is obtained based on a result of the simulation, and the transport error indicates a deviation between an orientation of the recording medium moving the conveyance path in an ideal transport state in which there is no disturbance, and a simulated orientation of the recording medium. A geometric characteristic screen is generated to present the obtained transport error.

Abstract: The invention provides a fixing device capable of preventing extreme decrease of pressure in a fixing nip. The fixing device includes an endless fixing belt for fixing a toner image on a recording material, a roller for suspending the fixing belt, a pressure pad for pressing the fixing belt provided without contact with the roller, and pressing means provided in press contact with the fixing belt for forming a fixing nip from the pressure pad to the roller, in which the relation of Y?1×108X2+2×106X, and 0<Y<2.6×107 Is satisfied, where y is the product of young's modulus of the base material of the fixing belt and thickness (Mpa·mm), and x is the product of length of gap between the pressure pad and the roller in moving direction of the fixing belt and pressure per unit area at the gap (Mpa·mm).