Abstract: In a read clock producing system for generating a read clock signal which is used for extracting a digital information portion of a digital coded signal, the system comprises means for delaying a pulse obtained by comparing data with a certain threshold level, means for generating a clock pulse having a pulse width proportional to the delay, said generating means including a frequency division circuit, flip-flop and EOR means for comparing the pulse width with a predetermined pulse width, a differential amplifier for comparing the data with a second threshold level adapted to change in accordance with the above comparison, and the control means for controlling the delay by the use of an output from said comparison.

Abstract: A digital signal reconstruction circuit includes a reproduction means for reading a digital data signal recorded on a recording medium, signal derivation means for deriving a plurality of shifted signals produced by sequentially shifting the read digital data, arithmetic means, comprising a logical sum circuit and a logical product circuit, for processing the output from the signal derivation means, selector means for selecting either the output from the logical sum circuit or the logical product circuit and latch means receiving the output of the selection means, the output of the latch means being fed back to the selector means to control the selection of either the logic sum circuit or the logic product circuit in accordance with the logic level of the latch means output.

Abstract: An image scanning apparatus includes a main scanning drum and a pair of nip rolls moveable into and out of engagement with the drum for feeding a sheet during a scanning operation. When the nip rollers are spaced from the scanning drum, the sheet may be supplied downwardly by gravity between the drum and nip rolls. A moveable stopper is disposed in the path of the sheet to support the sheet with at least one end thereof disposed intermediate the scanning drum and nip rolls. Upon movement of the nip rolls into engagement with the scanning drum, the sheet will be fed upwardly past a scanning station for discharge through a first pair of discharge rolls. A second pair of discharge rolls is optionally provided below the stopper to facilitate the discharge of a sheet in the downward direction by means of a second pair of discharge rolls.

Abstract: In the secondary recrystallization of a grain-oriented silicon steel sheet, a specific temperature gradient is generated, thereby developing the secondary recrystallized grains having a good (110) [001] orientation and increasing the magnetic flux density higher than that previousy obtained. The temperature gradient is established at the boundary region between the primary and secondary recrystallized regions, with the result that highly oriented (110) [001] secondary recrystallization nuclei preferentially are caused to develop.

Abstract: In the conventional stacking method of the laminated core of a transformer, grain-oriented silicon steel sheet pieces of an identical grade or the identical magnetic properties are used as legs and yokes of the core. In a highly oriented silicon steel sheet having a high B.sub.8 value due to excellent magnetic properties in the rolling direction of the sheet, the excellent magnetic properties cannot be fully utilized for the watt loss reduction in the conventional stacking method. In a laminated core of the present invention, the transformer core comprises a grain-oriented silicon steel sheet having a higher orientation used for a leg(s) and a grain-oriented silicon steel sheet having a lower orientation used for a yoke(s). The former steel has the B.sub.8 value of generally 1.88 Tesla or higher and preferably 1.89 Tesla or higher. The latter steel has the B.sub.8 value of generally 1.86 Tesla or lower.

Abstract: In an image scanning system in which a light beam is deflected by an optical deflector to effect the main scanning across a recording medium while the subscanning is effected by mechanically moving the recording medium, the optical components for scanning the light beam across the recording medium and the mechanical components for moving the recording medium in the sub-scanning direction are all mounted on a single frame. The single frame is mounted by way of a vibration insulator on an outer frame structure of the system on which means for feeding the recording medium to the scanning position and for discharging it therefrom is mounted.

Abstract: A method of producing a grain-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet comprising the step of subjecting a sheet of hot-rolled steel containing silicon less than 4.5% to more than one operation of cold rolling and more than one operation of annealing, so as to set the thickness of said sheet to that of a commercially standard sheet, and also subjecting the sheet to the step of final high-temperature annealing. Prior to said final high-temperature annealing, part of the surface of said sheet is worked for controlling the growth of secondary recrystallization grains by working the sheets such that lines of less than 3.0 mm wide are formed on the surface of the steel sheet spaced apart at intervals of more than 5.0 mm so that the total effect is to produce worked and unworked regions alternatively arranged in lines across the steel sheet. Such working is effected by mechanical plastic working, local thermal treatment and by chemical treatment.

Abstract: Annealing separator for heat treatment of a silicon steel sheet comprising not more than 0.2% SO.sub.3, not more than 0.04% Cl with the balance being MgO and unavoidable impurities, and having a bulk density between 0.18 and 0.30 g/cm.sup.3, and a particle size distribution of 40 to 70% of particles not larger than 3.mu.m, 10 to 25% of particles not smaller than 10.mu.m, not more than 15% of coarse particles larger than 15.mu.m with the balance being intermediate particles between 3.mu.m and 10.mu.m.