Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes: a conductive support; a charge generation layer disposed on the conductive support, the charge generation layer including a charge generating material and a vinyl copolymer, the vinyl copolymer including a structural unit including a chlorine atom, a structural unit including an acyloxy group, and a structural unit including an aromatic polycarboxylic acid structure, a proportion of the structural unit including a chlorine atom to all the structural units being 80% by mass or more, a proportion of the structural unit including an aromatic polycarboxylic acid structure to all the structural units being 0.5% by mass or more; and a charge transport layer disposed on the charge generation layer, the charge transport layer including a charge transporting material and a binder resin.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes: a conductive support; a charge generation layer disposed on the conductive support, the charge generation layer including a charge generating material and a vinyl copolymer, the vinyl copolymer including a structural unit including a chlorine atom, a structural unit including an acyloxy group, and a structural unit including an aromatic polycarboxylic acid structure, a proportion of the structural unit including a chlorine atom to all the structural units being 80% by mass or more, a proportion of the structural unit including an aromatic polycarboxylic acid structure to all the structural units being 0.5% by mass or more; and a charge transport layer disposed on the charge generation layer, the charge transport layer including a charge transporting material and a binder resin.

Abstract: A rectifying device includes: a first flow channel member that has an annular first flow channel through which a fluid flows in an axial direction, the first flow channel being provided between an inner peripheral wall and an outer peripheral wall; a second flow channel member that has a second flow channel between the inner peripheral wall and the outer peripheral wall, the second flow channel being provided upstream of the first flow channel in a flowing direction of the fluid and being connected with the first flow channel along an entire circumference; an inflow section that is provided at the second flow channel member and that allows the fluid to flow into a circumferential area of the second flow channel located away from the first flow channel in the axial direction; a first guide wall that is provided within the second flow channel at a position located away from the inflow section in a circumferential direction and that guides the fluid flowing toward a first side in the circumferential direction th

Abstract: A coating device includes: a coating liquid holding part provided with an upper opening portion and a lower opening portion and holding a coating liquid that is supplied from a coating liquid supply part; and an annular body that is disposed inside the coating liquid holding part, through which a cylindrical body penetrating the upper opening portion and the lower opening portion of the coating liquid holding part penetrates, and in which the coating liquid held by the coating liquid holding part flows in from an upper side and flows out from a lower side with a relative movement to the cylindrical body, the annular body being installed to be relatively displaceable along an installation surface intersecting a direction of the relative movement with respect to the coating liquid holding part.

Abstract: A coating device includes: a coating liquid holding part that is provided with an upper opening portion and a lower opening portion and holds a coating liquid, and in which a cylindrical body penetrates the upper opening portion and the lower opening portion, and the cylindrical body is relatively moved to an upper side in an up-down direction, so that the coating liquid is applied to an outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body; a container that accommodates the coating liquid that flows down; a circulation part that circulates the coating liquid in the container to the coating liquid holding part; and a receiving member that is disposed above a liquid level of the coating liquid in the container and receives the coating liquid flowing downward along the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body with an inclined surface.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate having a surface, an undercoat layer disposed on the surface of the conductive substrate, and a photosensitive layer on the undercoat layer. A maximum height waviness of a waviness profile of the surface of the conductive substrate on which the undercoat layer is disposed is 1.4 ?m or less, and the undercoat layer contains a binder resin and has a thickness non-uniformity of 0.4 ?m or less.