Abstract: Provided are an oligonucleotide which realizes specific and highly sensitive detection of toxigenic C. difficile, and a method for detecting toxigenic C. difficile, the method employing the oligonucleotide. 1) A primer pair containing an oligonucleotide having a nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, and an oligonucleotide having a nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2; or a primer pair having complementary sequences to the nucleotide sequences. 2) A primer pair containing an oligonucleotide having a nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4, and an oligonucleotide having a nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 5; or a primer pair having complementary sequences to the nucleotide sequences.

Abstract: To provide a therapeutic agent for gastrointestinal disorder such as diabetic gastroparesis. A postprandial gastrokinetic agent containing (A) ghrelin or a ghrelin agonist and (B) motilin or a motilin agonist as active ingredients, in which both the ingredients (A) and (B) are administered so as to act on the stomach after food intake.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method whereby a drug can be conveniently injected into the living body, without sticking a needle, from a device that is not in contact with the living body, and a device therefor. Specifically provided is a method for injecting a peptide drug such as insulin, and a device therefor. No special consumables are needed except the drug solution or suspension. The method and device comprise injecting a drug into the living body by electrospraying a solution or suspension of the drug from a nozzle to which high voltage is applied and which is not in contact with the living body.

Abstract: Provided are an oligonucleotide which realizes specific and highly sensitive detection of toxigenic C. difficile, and a method for detecting toxigenic C. difficile, the method employing the oligonucleotide. 1) A primer pair containing an oligonucleotide having a nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, and an oligonucleotide having a nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2; or a primer pair having complementary sequences to the nucleotide sequences. 2) A primer pair containing an oligonucleotide having a nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4, and an oligonucleotide having a nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 5; or a primer pair having complementary sequences to the nucleotide sequences.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method whereby a drug can be conveniently injected into the living body, without sticking a needle, from a device that is not in contact with the living body, and a device therefor. Specifically provided is a method for injecting a peptide drug such as insulin, and a device therefor. No special consumables are needed except the drug solution or suspension. The method and device comprise injecting a drug into the living body by electrospraying a solution or suspension of the drug from a nozzle to which high voltage is applied and which is not in contact with the living body.

Abstract: There is provided a method by which multiple types of substances desired to be transferred into cells can be continuously transferred into multiple types of cells by a convenient procedure, a cell in which the substance desired to be transferred into cells has been taken up by this method, and an apparatus for transferring a substance into cells by this method. The foregoing objects can be achieved by electrospraying cells with a liquid free from the substance to be transferred into cells while the cells are kept in contact with the substance to be transferred into cells, or first electrospraying cells with a liquid free from the substance to be transferred into cells and then bringing the cells into contact with the substance to be transferred into cells.

Abstract: A control apparatus for a hydraulically operated vehicular transmission having a plurality of hydraulic engaging elements has an accumulator which is connected in parallel with a hydraulic engaging element for a low-speed transmission train and a back pressure generating source which generates a hydraulic oil pressure to be supplied to a back pressure chamber of the accumulator. The control apparatus includes a changeover valve which can be changed over between a first position in which the back pressure chamber of the accumulator and the back pressure generating source are brought into communication with each other and a second position in which the communication is cut off to lower a pressure in the back pressure chamber. The changeover valve is arranged to be changed over from the second position to the first position when a hydraulic oil pressure in the hydraulic engaging element for the low-speed transmission train has exceeded a predetermined pressure.

Abstract: In a control apparatus for a hydraulically operated vehicular transmission which has a plurality of hydraulic engaging elements, an orifice is disposed in an oil passage which is communicated with a hydraulic engaging element for a low-speed transmission train. The control apparatus has a bypass passage which bypasses the orifice, a control valve which can be switched between a communicated state in which the bypass passage is in communication and a cut-off state in which the communication of the bypass passage is cut off, and a control circuit which changes over the control valve to the communicated state under a predetermined condition at a time of switching from a running range to a neutral range.

Abstract: The transmission is of a type that a low-speed transmission train is established in cooperation with one-way clutch. A high-speed transmission train is established by hydraulic oil supply via a shift valve in a condition in which the hydraulic oil is kept supplied to the low-speed hydraulic engaging element. A pressure adjusting valve and a hydraulic oil pressure control valve control, to increase or reduce, the supply pressure of the hydraulic oil to the high-speed hydraulic engaging element. A speed change controller at an initial stage maintains the shift valve, at the time of speed changing from a high-speed transmission train to a low-speed transmission train, in a condition in which the hydraulic oil is supplied to the high-speed hydraulic engaging element. The supply pressure of the hydraulic oil is reduced in this condition until the high-speed hydraulic engaging element gives rise to a slip.

Abstract: A control apparatus for a hydraulically operated vehicular transmission has a plurality of hydraulic engaging elements including a first hydraulic engaging element which is kept engaged in a plurality of transmission trains. The control apparatus has an accumulator which is connected, via a branched oil passage, to a working oil passage which is communicated with the first hydraulic engaging element. It also has a control valve which is disposed in the branched oil passage and which can be moved between a first position in which an upstream portion of the branched oil passage on a side of the first hydraulic engaging element and a downstream portion of the branched oil passage on a side of the accumulator are brought into communication with each other and a second position in which the communication is shut off. It further has an oil discharge passage which is connected to a second hydraulic engaging element when the second hydraulic engaging element is disengaged.