Abstract: A display device includes a display panel, a lighting device having a light emission surface, a center directive light refraction member imparting a refraction effect to light exiting through the light emission surface to be directed to a middle section of the display panel to generate a much light emission angle range where an emission light quantity is much and a less light emission angle range where the light emission quantity is less in a luminance angle distribution, and an asymmetric light refraction member configured to impart an asymmetric refraction effect to the emission light such that among emission light rays exiting the center directive light refraction member, light rays in the less light emission angle range is directed toward the less light emission angle range while a part of light rays in the much light emission angle range is directed toward the less light emission angle range.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel, a lighting device having a light emission surface, a center directive light refraction member imparting a refraction effect to light exiting through the light emission surface to be directed to a middle section of the display panel to generate a much light emission angle range where an emission light quantity is much and a less light emission angle range where the light emission quantity is less in a luminance angle distribution, and an asymmetric light refraction member configured to impart an asymmetric refraction effect to the emission light such that among emission light rays exiting the center directive light refraction member, light rays in the less light emission angle range is directed toward the less light emission angle range while a part of light rays in the much light emission angle range is directed toward the less light emission angle range.

Abstract: A transmission-type screen (20) is a transmission-type screen for use in a head-up display (100), the transmission-type screen having a receiving surface to receive displaying light and an outgoing surface through which to emit a divergent light beam toward a combiner (40). The transmission-type screen (20) includes: a first optical element (21) which is disposed on the receiving surface side and which converges a light beam, the first optical element (21) having a first lens array (22) including a plurality of lenses (25) arranged with lens surfaces thereof being oriented toward the outgoing surface; and a second optical element (23) which is disposed on the outgoing surface side and which diverges a light beam, the second optical element (23) having a second lens array (24). In the first lens array, a numerical aperture NA of each lens satisfies the relationship NA=(r/2)/[f2+(r/2)2]1/2?0.13, where r is a diameter of each of the plurality of lenses and f is a focal length of each lens.

Abstract: A head-up display 10 includes a projector 11 configured to project an image and having a projector surface 15a, a combiner 12 having a projection surface 12a onto which the image projected by the projector 11 is projected to allow an observer to see a virtual image, the projection surface 12a being tilted relative to the projector surface 15a of the projector 11, a lenticular lens sheet 18 including a plurality of top-displaced cylindrical lenses 25 arranged in a tilting direction tilted relative to the projection surface 12a, the top-displaced cylindrical lenses 25 each including a top 25a displaced such that a brightness peak of projector light is shifted, in relation to a central position in the tilting direction, toward a side where an optical path length of the project light from the projector surface 15a to the projection surface 12a is relatively long.

Abstract: A display device is provided in which distortion of a displayed image is suppressed easily. A display device 1 includes a light source 2, a mirror 3, a screen 5, and an optical element 6. A normal line N1 of the optical element 6 at a position where a main light beam X3 is incident is positioned on a side to a light beam F4 at a one-side end of an intermediate image, with respect to the main light beam X3. A normal line N2 of a reflection surface of the mirror 3 is positioned on a side to a light beam F1 at other-side end of the intermediate image, with respect to a main light beam X2 outgoing from the mirror 3. A light outgoing surface P3 of the screen is tilted with respect to a plane P4 vertical to the main light beam X3, in such a direction that an optical path of the light beam F4 at the one-side end of the intermediate image, between the screen 5 and the optical element 6, is shortened.

Abstract: A head-up display 10 includes a MEMS mirror component 14 for displaying images and a combiner 12 for reflecting light from the MEMS mirror component 14 so that an observer observes reflected light as a virtual image and for transmitting ambient light. The combiner 12 includes a green light reflecting portion 17 for selectively reflecting mainly green light in a green light wavelength region, a red light reflecting portion 16 for selectively reflecting mainly red light in a red light wavelength region, and a blue light reflecting portion 18 for reflecting blue light in a blue light wavelength region. The light reflecting portions 16 to 18 are laid in layers. The green light reflecting portion 17 is arranged the closest to the MEMS mirror component 14.

Abstract: A combiner 12 includes a cholesteric liquid crystal layer 17 that imparts an optical effect to light, and a cholesteric liquid crystal layer carrier 18 of a plate shape that is an optical functional layer carrier having a plate surface with the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 17 disposed thereon, being subjected to biaxial stretching in such a manner that one of two intersecting directions along the plate surface is a low stretching direction in which a stretch ratio is relatively low and that the other is a high stretching direction in which the stretch ratio is relatively high, and being subjected to biaxial deformation to have the plate surface deformed into a curved shape in such a manner that a large elongation amount direction in which the amount of elongation by deformation is relatively large matches the low stretching direction and that a small elongation amount direction in which the amount of elongation by deformation is relatively small matches the high stretching direction.

Abstract: A head-up display 10 includes a MEMS mirror component 14 for displaying images and a combiner 12 for reflecting light from the MEMS mirror component 14 so that an observer observes reflected light as a virtual image and for transmitting ambient light. The combiner 12 includes a green light reflecting portion 17 for selectively reflecting mainly green light in a green light wavelength region, a red light reflecting portion 16 for selectively reflecting mainly red light in a red light wavelength region, and a blue light reflecting portion 18 for reflecting blue light in a blue light wavelength region. The light reflecting portions 16 to 18 are laid in layers. The green light reflecting portion 17 is arranged the closest to the MEMS mirror component 14.

Abstract: A transmission screen (2) includes at least two optical elements (13 and 14) condensing or diverging a light beam anisotropically. The at least two optical elements each include a light receiving surface (10) receiving display light; and a light emitting surface (11) emitting a divergent light beam toward a combiner (4).

Abstract: A screen includes: a diffraction member and a scattering member. The diffraction member selectively diffracts image light and orients this light towards a viewer. In order for the image light to be scattered to a higher degree than ambient light that enters the scattering member on the side opposite of the viewer, the degree to which the scattering member scatters polarized light varies according to the polarization direction of the light. Thus, regardless of the positional relationship of the screen and a projector, which projects image light, it is possible to use a relatively simple industrial manufacturing process that can ensure the following to a satisfactory extent: brightness of the screen in the front direction, a wide viewing angle, and visual clarity through the screen.

Abstract: The present invention improves the light usage efficiency of image light. A screen according to one configuration of the present invention includes: a polarized light scattering layer that scatters horizontally-polarized light; a polarizing layer that blocks horizontally-polarized light and transmits vertically-polarized light; and a reflective layer that is disposed between the polarized light scattering layer and the polarizing layer. The reflective layer reflects light in accordance with the wavelength or polarization direction thereof so as to selectively reflect horizontally-polarized image light to be projected onto the screen.

Abstract: A screen includes: a diffraction member and a scattering member. The diffraction member selectively diffracts image light and orients this light towards a viewer. In order for the image light to be scattered to a higher degree than ambient light that enters the scattering member on the side opposite of the viewer, the degree to which the scattering member scatters polarized light varies according to the polarization direction of the light. Thus, regardless of the positional relationship of the screen and a projector, which projects image light, it is possible to use a relatively simple industrial manufacturing process that can ensure the following to a satisfactory extent: brightness of the screen in the front direction, a wide viewing angle, and visual clarity through the screen.

Abstract: This reflective imaging element (1) includes: a first reflective element (11); and a second reflective element (21) arranged over the first reflective element. Each of the first and second reflective elements has a multilayer structure in which a plurality of unit reflective elements are stacked one upon the other. Each of the plurality of unit reflective elements includes a light transmitting portion (1111), a reflective layer (1113), and an optical attenuation layer (1115) arranged between the light transmitting portion and the reflective layer. The plurality of unit reflective elements include two unit reflective elements which are adjacent to each other and which are arranged so that the light transmitting portion of one of the two unit reflective elements is adjacent to the reflective layer of the other unit reflective element.

Abstract: An optical element according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a reflective imaging element for reflecting light from an object an even number of times to cause an image of the object to be formed; a first polarizer disposed on a light-outgoing side of the reflective imaging element; and a first phase difference plate disposed between the reflective imaging element and the first polarizer.

Abstract: A display device includes: a display portion having a screen that can display an image; and an image forming substrate formed into a plate, wherein the image forming substrate are configured to be switchable between a first state where the screen is arranged to be inclined with respect to the first main surface such that light from the screen enters the image forming substrate from the first main surface side and forms the image on the second main surface side and a second state where the display portion and the image forming substrate are aligned in the thickness direction and are arranged along each other.

Abstract: An optical system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a reflective imaging element having a first principal face which is struck by light emitted from a display panel, a second principal face parallel to the first principal face, and two mutually-orthogonal specular elements being perpendicular to the first principal face, and causes an image displayed on a display surface of the display panel to form an image at a position of planar symmetry with respect to the reflective imaging element as a plane of symmetry. A transparent substrate which is disposed on at least either the first principal face side or the second principal face side of the reflective imaging element is further included, and first light striking the transparent substrate is linearly polarized light, with a large proportion of p-polarized light.

Abstract: A reflective imaging element includes: a plurality of holes penetrating through the plate-like substrate along a thickness direction thereof; two orthogonally-disposed specular elements on inner walls of the plurality of holes; a first principal face on which light from an object is received; a second principal face parallel to the first principal face; and two taper elements opposing the two specular elements. The two taper elements each have a first side parallel to the first principal face, a second side orthogonal to the first principal face and to the first side, and a hypotenuse meeting the first and second sides and constituting an angle ? with the second side. An angle constituted by a normal direction of the first principal face and an incident direction of light striking the first principal face defines an incident angle ?, such that, in a range of 0°<?<90°, the angle ? satisfies (90°??)/4??.

Abstract: An optical system includes: a reflective imaging element; and a liquid crystal display panel disposed on a light-incident side of the reflective imaging element, the liquid crystal display panel having a display surface which is inclined with an angle of no less than 45° and no more than 75° relative to a plane defined by the reflective imaging element, a viewing angle dependence of a contrast ratio of the liquid crystal display panel taking a central value in a direction inclined by 10° or more in a direction of tilt of the display surface from a normal of the display surface, and causes an image displayed on the display surface of the liquid crystal display panel to form an image at a position of planar symmetry with respect to the reflective imaging element as a plane of symmetry.

Abstract: Disclosed is a thin-film transistor (10) manufacturing method that includes a process for forming a nitrate film (12x) that includes residual nickel (22) on a surface thereof, by bringing a nitric acid solution into contact with a polysilicon layer (11x); and a process for removing the nitrate film (12x) that includes residual nickel (22) from the polysilicon layer (11x) surface. With this surface treatment process, a polysilicon layer (11) with reduced concentration of a surface residual nickel (22) is provided, and a thin-film transistor (10) having excellent surface smoothness is attained.

Abstract: A display device includes: a display portion having a screen that can display an image; and an image forming substrate formed into a plate, wherein the image forming substrate are configured to be switchable between a first state where the screen is arranged to be inclined with respect to the first main surface such that light from the screen enters the image forming substrate from the first main surface side and forms the image on the second main surface side and a second state where the display portion and the image forming substrate are aligned in the thickness direction and are arranged along each other.