Abstract: A bag making and packaging machine has pull-down belt mechanisms, a transverse sealing mechanism, a rotatable folding member, and a gas blowing mechanism. The folding member, before the transverse sealing mechanism, seals a cylindrical film, pushes against a side portion of the cylindrical film to thereby fold the cylindrical film inward and form a fold in the cylindrical film. The gas blowing mechanism blows a gas onto the fold to thereby inhibit the cylindrical film from sticking to the rotating folding member.

Abstract: A film roll supporting device comprises a shaft body part, a shaft tip part, and a projection part. The shaft body part extends through a central hole of a film roll and having the film roll mounted thereon. The shaft tip part extends in an axis direction of a shaft from one end of the shaft body part on a side to be inserted into the central hole of the film roll. The projection part extends in a direction intersecting the axis direction of the shaft body part from the shaft tip part. The projection part abuts from below to a core of the film roll provisionally placed on the shaft tip part when the mounting of the film roll is performed. A cutout recessed in a direction intersecting the axis direction of the shaft body part is formed in the projection part.

Abstract: A bag making and packaging machine sandwiches a tubular film between a first horn and a first anvil and ultrasonically transversely seals it. The bag making and packaging machine includes: a knife disposed in an anvil-side knife movement space formed in the first anvil; a knife-driving part, and guides provided to each of two ends of the first anvil, on which guide spaces, by which movement of the knife is guided when the knife is driven by the air cylinder, are formed. The width of the guide spaces with respect to a direction orthogonal to both a length direction and a movement direction of the knife is less than the width of the anvil-side knife movement space with respect to the same direction.

Abstract: A bag making and packaging machine sandwiches a tubular film between a first horn and a first anvil and ultrasonically transversely seals it. The bag making and packaging machine includes: a knife disposed in an anvil-side knife movement space formed in the first anvil; a knife-driving part, and guides provided to each of two ends of the first anvil, on which guide spaces, by which movement of the knife is guided when the knife is driven by the air cylinder, are formed. The width of the guide spaces with respect to a direction orthogonal to both a length direction and a movement direction of the knife is less than the width of the anvil-side knife movement space with respect to the same direction.

Abstract: A bag-making packaging machine has a cylindrical part and a forming collar. The forming collar guides a sheet-shaped packaging material so that the packaging material wraps around the cylindrical part. The forming collar has a folded-back portion for changing a direction in which the packaging material advances to an approximately perpendicular direction. A cutout through which the thick-layered portion of the packaging material passes is formed in the folded-back portion. This reduces the amount of friction applied to the thick-layered portion when the packaging material passes by the folded-back portion of the forming collar.

Abstract: A method for treating a lignocellulose raw material so as to facilitate a pulverization treatment that is necessary for the efficient and effective use of a lignocellulose raw material as a raw material or resource for material conversion. When converting a lignocellulose raw material into sugar or a useful material, such as ethanol, with the aid of an enzyme or producing a biodegradable material derived from a lignocellulose raw material via a mechanical or chemical treatment, a lignocellulose raw material is treated with an enzyme prior to or simultaneously with the pulverization process, so that the viscosity of slurry comprising a lignocellulose raw material and water is lowered and the pulverization efficiency is improved.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to develop a conversion method for easily obtaining a useful substance such as ethanol from a cellulose-based biomass at a good yield via enzyme reaction and microbial fermentation. It has been found that the conversion efficiency can be increased with the use of hard balls or the like when a cellulose-based biomass is converted into sugar with the use of enzyme(s) and then a useful substance such as ethanol with the use of microorganism(s).

Abstract: It is an objective of the present invention to develop a method of pretreating a waste mushroom bed so as to easily and efficiently obtain sugars and ethanol with the use of such waste mushroom bed. It is another objective of the present invention to develop a method of converting the pretreated waste mushroom bed to yield sugars and ethanol. According to the present invention, it has been found that the above objective can be achieved by maintaining a waste mushroom bed at 4° C. to 30° C. for 1 week or longer after harvesting of fruit bodies for conversion of the waste mushroom bed to yield sugars and ethanol.