Abstract: A method for algae disruption includes: a thermal treatment of microalgae belonging to Heterokontophyta at a pH of 3.5 or more and 9.5 or less and a temperature of 40° C. or more and 65° C. or less; and a physical treatment of the microalgae using a high pressure dispersion apparatus, the physical treatment following the thermal treatment.

Abstract: An algae treatment method includes: a first step of culturing microalgae in a culture medium having an initial nitrogen concentration of less than 12 mg/L for three days or more; and a second step of performing a thermal treatment of the microalgae that has gone through the first step at a pH of 2.0 or more and 10.0 or less and a temperature of 35° C. or more and 80° C. or less.

Abstract: A method for algae disruption includes: a thermal treatment of microalgae belonging to Heterokontophyta at a pH of 3.5 or more and 9.5 or less and a temperature of 40° C. or more and 65° C. or less; and a physical treatment of the microalgae using a high pressure dispersion apparatus, the physical treatment following the thermal treatment.

Abstract: A particle diameter of a raw material to be pulverized can be decreased within a short time period. A vibration mill includes a container having therein a columnar space with a central axis of the columnar space being almost horizontal while the container is held so as to be vibratable in a direction of within a plane that is almost perpendicular to the central axis, a cylindrical medium disposed in the container so as to be vibratable, and a plurality of pulverizing media disposed inside the cylindrical medium so as to be vibratable. The ratio of an inner diameter of the cylindrical medium in contact with the pulverizing medium to an outer diameter of the pulverizing medium is 2.1 or more. The integrated value of volumes of the pulverizing media relative to a space volume inside the cylindrical medium in contact with the pulverizing medium is more than 25%.

Abstract: A particle diameter of a raw material to be pulverized can be decreased within a short time period. A vibration mill includes a container having therein a columnar space with a central axis of the columnar space being almost horizontal while the container is held so as to be vibratable in a direction of within a plane that is almost perpendicular to the central axis, a cylindrical medium disposed in the container so as to be vibratable, and a plurality of pulverizing media disposed inside the cylindrical medium so as to be vibratable. The ratio of an inner diameter of the cylindrical medium in contact with the pulverizing medium to an outer diameter of the pulverizing medium is 2.1 or more. The integrated value of volumes of the pulverizing media relative to a space volume inside the cylindrical medium in contact with the pulverizing medium is more than 25%.

Abstract: In an anisotropic diffusing medium having a resin layer comprising a cured composition containing a photo-curable compound, an aggregation of plural pillar-shaped cured areas is formed inside the resin layer, the plural pillar-shaped cured areas all extend collimated to a specific direction P, and in the case in which the amount of each linear transmitted light corresponding to each incident light from all directions to an arbitrary input point on one side of the anisotropic diffusing medium are displayed by vectors beginning at an output point on the other side of the anisotropic diffusing medium corresponding to the input point to each direction of output, the rounded surface obtained by connecting the top of the vectors is a bell shaped rounded surface having a symmetric axis in direction P.