Abstract: A method of building an underground structure using concrete columns to be vertically installed at corners and at positions between the corners and concrete panels to be filled between adjacent concrete columns. The method comprises the steps of determining positions for the concrete columns, digging a trench for a guide composed of outer and inner frames, drilling holes for the columns, the holes being deeper than a level where the concrete panels are placed, installing the columns into the holes and setting with concrete, removing the outer frame of the guide, deepening the trench, fitting concrete panels between the columns, installing a reinforcing metal beam using concrete on the columns and panels to prevent inward buckling, and removing the inner frame of the guide after the concrete on the reinforcing beam has set.

Abstract: A text string extraction system for a computer system having a display, an operating system having an application program interface with text output portion, a cursor for moving on the display, and application programs to be executed on the operating system for outputting text strings onto operating system via the text output portion to display the text strings on the display, the extraction system includes drawing portion for drawing a symbol on a location pointed to by the cursor and having the operating system output a signal to the application program and having the application program output a text string to be re-displayed and input portion for extracting a text string beside the location pointed to by the cursor by receiving the text string to be re-displayed output from the application program thereby supplying the input text string to the operating system via the text output portion for re-displaying.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of controlling a plurality of elevator cars disposed in a common hoistway. When the amount of time elapsed since a moving elevator has started is within a range which is determined by the position from which the moving elevator has started and the position from which a stopped elevator will start, a determination is made that there is the possibility that the two elevators move in parallel. Hence, the stopped elevator is prevented from starting. When such an amount of time is out of the range, a command is issued to start the stopped elevator. Thus, the stopped elevator is no longer prevented from starting when the amount of time elapsed since the moving elevator has started is out of the range within which the two elevators may move in parallel. The waiting time is minimized during which the elevator is prevented from starting, thus improving reliability.

Abstract: In a group supervisory system for outdoor observatory elevators according to the present invention, idle elevator cages wait at various floors in a functionally and esthetically pleasing pattern. Cages waiting at upper floors for a predetermined time are directed by a predetermined floor-removing circuit to move from the upper floors. The circuit then directs the cages to return to the upper floors. Compensating ropes or travelling cables of stationary cages at high floors may be exposed to air currents long enough to begin swaying back and forth and collide with devices or implements in the shaft. To prevent these collisions from taking place, the group supervisory system periodically directs the cages to move. More specifically, when a cage has waited at the upper floor for a predetermined time, the system registers the cage to a hall call from a lower floor. In response, the cage moves down to a lower floor. Later, the system directs the cage to move back up to the upper floor.

Abstract: A vehicle position calculating apparatus has relative position calculating means for calculating a relative vehicle position with respect to a reference position and absolute position calculating means for calculating an absolute vehicle position from fixed-station absolute position information and vehicle bearing information which are obtained from a radio wave transmitted from a fixed station and the above-described relative vehicle position. The relative position calculating means includes means for calculating a present vehicle position by employing absolute positions successively obtained as new reference positions. Accordingly, it is possible to accurately obtain an absolute present vehicle position.

Abstract: Metallized layers are formed respectively on the surfaces to be joined of the ceramic members by performing metallized treatment on the surfaces, and then, these metallized layers are pressed against each other, and under pressure are diffusion-bonded at high temperature. A metal foil which can form a solid solution with the metallized layers can be interposed between the metallized layers before diffusion-bonding. This method can be used to manufacture an oxygen sensor element.