Abstract: The present invention provides a condensed pyrimidine compound represented by formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: where A represents a ring where at least one carbon atom within said ring is optionally substituted with one or more groups selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, —O-(lower alkyl), halogen atom, carboxyl, —CO2-(lower alkyl), and carbamoyl, R1 represents: (1) phenyl substituted with at least three halogen atoms, which may have at least one additional substituent, or (2) cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, or cycloheptyl, each of which is optionally substituted; and R2 represents a group represented by formula (II) or an optionally substituted cyclic amino: wherein R21 and R22 may be identical or different and each represents —H, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, non-aromatic heterocyclyl, or —O-(lower alkyl), each of which is optionally substituted.

Abstract: A convenient screening tool and a convenient screening method for obtaining an agent for treating diabetes, a pharmaceutical composition for treating diabetes, and a process for manufacturing the pharmaceutical composition are disclosed. The screening tool is a G protein-coupled receptor, a variation functionally equivalent thereto, or a homologous polypeptide thereof which promotes insulin secretion under a high glucose concentration by activation, or cells transformed with an expression vector comprising a polynucleotide encoding the above polypeptide and expressing the polypeptide.

Abstract: The invention relates to a convenient screening tool for identifying an agent for treating diabetes. The screening tool is a G protein-coupled receptor, a variant of the G protein-coupled receptor, or a homolog of the G protein-coupled receptor, which promotes insulin secretion under a high glucose concentration by activation. The invention also relates to cells transformed with an expression vector comprising a polynucleotide encoding and expressing the screening tool. The invention provides a convenient screening method for identifying an agent for treating diabetes, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the agent, and a process for manufacturing the pharmaceutical composition.

Abstract: There are provided novel pyrimidine derivatives which has been fused with an aromatic heterocycle selected from thiophene, thiazole and pyridine or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; and a pharmaceutical composition comprising said compound as an active ingredient. These compounds exhibit excellent promoting activity on insulin secretion and activity against hyperglycemia. Hence, the pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds as active ingredients, based on these actions, are useful for treating and/or preventing insulin-dependent diabetes (type 1 diabetes), non-insulin-dependent diabetes (type 2 diabetes), insulin-resistant diseases, obesity, and the like.

Abstract: A screening tool for an antiplatelet agent wherein the tool is a human ADP receptor P2TAC protein, a variation functionally equivalent thereto, or a homologous protein thereof, and a screening tool for an antiplatelet agent wherein the tool is a transformant which is transformed with an expression vector comprising a DNA encoding the protein and is expressing the polypeptide are disclosed. Further, a method for detecting an ADP receptor P2TAC ligand, antagonist, or agonist by using the screening tool for an antiplatelet agent, and a method for screening an antiplatelet agent by the detecting method are disclosed.

Abstract: There are provided new pyrimidine derivatives condensed with a non-aromatic ring selected from dihydrothiophene, dihydrofuran, cycloalkane moiety, and the like or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; and a pharmaceutical composition comprising said compound as an active ingredient. These compounds exhibit excellent promoting activity on insulin secretion and activity against hyperglycemia. Hence, the pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds as active ingredients, based on these actions, are useful for treating and/or preventing insulin-dependent diabetes (type 1 diabetes), non-insulin-dependent diabetes (type 2 diabetes), insulin-resistant diseases, obesity, and the like.

Abstract: There are provided novel pyrimidine derivatives which has been fused with an aromatic heterocycle selected from thiophene, thiazole and pyridine or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; and a pharmaceutical composition comprising said compound as an active ingredient. These compounds exhibit excellent promoting activity on insulin secretion and activity against hyperglycemia. Hence, the pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds as active ingredients, based on these actions, are useful for treating and/or preventing insulin-dependent diabetes (type 1 diabetes), non-insulin-dependent diabetes (type 2 diabetes), insulin-resistant diseases, obesity, and the like.

Abstract: A screening tool for an agent for promoting insulin production and/or an agent for increasing insulin content, wherein the tool is a G protein-coupled receptor exhibiting an activity of promoting insulin production by activation, or a cell expressing the polypeptide, is disclosed. Further, a method for screening an agent for promoting insulin production and/or an agent for increasing insulin content, comprising the steps of bringing the cell or a cell membrane thereof into contact with a substance to be tested, and analyzing whether or not the polypeptide is activated, is disclosed. The screening tool and the screening method are useful in screening a substance which increases insulin content and prevents and/or treats diabetes. Furthermore, a novel agent for increasing insulin content comprising as an active ingredient a substance obtained by the screening, is disclosed.

Abstract: This invention provides a nucleic acid encoding a novel leukotriene B4 receptor, a vector containing this nucleic acid, a method for screening a substance capable of modifying the activity of the receptor by using a host cell containing the vector and the receptor, and pharmaceutical compositions for inflammatory diseases containing as the active ingredient a substance capable of modifying the activity of the receptor.

Abstract: A convenient screening tool and a convenient screening method for obtaining an agent for treating diabetes, a pharmaceutical composition for treating diabetes, and a process for manufacturing the pharmaceutical composition are disclosed. The screening tool is a G protein-coupled receptor, a variation functionally equivalent thereto, or a homologous polypeptide thereof which promotes insulin secretion under a high glucose concentration by activation, or cells transformed with an expression vector comprising a polynucleotide encoding the above polypeptide and expressing the polypeptide.

Abstract: A convenient screening tool and a convenient screening method for obtaining an agent for treating diabetes, a pharmaceutical composition for treating diabetes, and a process for manufacturing the pharmaceutical composition are disclosed.

Abstract: A screening tool for an antiplatelet agent wherein the tool is a human ADP receptor P2TAC protein, a variation functionally equivalent thereto, or a homologous protein thereof, and a screening tool for an antiplatelet agent wherein the tool is a transformant which is transformed with an expression vector comprising a DNA encoding the protein and is expressing the polypeptide are disclosed. Further, a method for detecting an ADP receptor P2TAC ligand, antagonist, or agonist by using the screening tool for an antiplatelet agent, and a method for screening an antiplatelet agent by the detecting method are disclosed.

Abstract: This invention provides a nucleic acid encoding a novel leukotriene B4 receptor, a vector containing this nucleic acid, a method for screening a substance capable of modifying the activity of the receptor by using a host cell containing the vector and the receptor, and pharmaceutical compositions for inflammatory diseases containing as the active ingredient a substance capable of modifying the activity of the receptor.