Abstract: Electrons excited by irradiation of a visible light to a sample is at an energy level lower than a vacuum level, thus photoelectrons are not emitted from the sample and energy of excited electrons cannot be measured. The visible light is irradiated to the sample through a mesh electrode. A surface film for reducing the vacuum level is formed on a surface of the sample. With the surface film being formed, photoelectrons are obtained by the visible light, and these photoelectrons are accelerated by the mesh electrode toward a photoelectron spectrometer. Ultraviolet light may be irradiated to the sample and metal having same potential therewith. In this case, the mesh electrode is set at a retracted position to prohibit interaction of the mesh electrode and the ultraviolet light. A difference between the valence band and the Fermi level of the sample can be measured.

Abstract: Electrons excited by irradiation of a visible light to a sample is at an energy level lower than a vacuum level, thus photoelectrons are not emitted from the sample and energy of excited electrons cannot be measured. The visible light is irradiated to the sample through a mesh electrode. A surface film for reducing the vacuum level is formed on a surface of the sample. With the surface film being formed, photoelectrons are obtained by the visible light, and these photoelectrons are accelerated by the mesh electrode toward a photoelectron spectrometer. Ultraviolet light may be irradiated to the sample and metal having same potential therewith. In this case, the mesh electrode is set at a retracted position to prohibit interaction of the mesh electrode and the ultraviolet light. A difference between the valence band and the Fermi level of the sample can be measured.