Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor including at least a photosensitive layer and a protective layer in sequence on a conductive support, and the protective layer contains a cured product of a curable compound, conductive particles having a band gap of 2.0 eV or more and 3.6 eV or less, and particles having a band gap of 8.0 eV or more.

Abstract: There is provided an electrophotographic photoreceptor including: a conductive support; and a photosensitive layer and a protective layer containing a cured product obtained by curing a curable compound, which are sequentially disposed on the conductive support. The photoreceptor has a Martens hardness of 255 N/mm2 or more. The photosensitive layer contains at least a hole transport material (HTM), and an energy difference between a HOMO level and a LUMO level of the hole transport material (HTM) is greater than 3.6 eV and 4.0 eV or less.

Abstract: As an electrophotographic photoreceptor including a protective layer (an outermost layer), a photosensitive layer and a conductive support, wherein the protective layer (the outermost layer) comprises a polymer obtained by polymerizing a compound having a chain polymerizable functional group, and the photosensitive layer comprises a hole transport material satisfying the following formula (1) and an electron transport material satisfying the following formula (2): 600?a??(1) 400?b??(2) in the formula (1), a represents a molecular weight of the hole transport material, and in the formula (2), b represents a molecular weight of the electron transport material.

Abstract: There is provided an electrophotographic photoreceptor including: a conductive support; and a photosensitive layer and a protective layer containing a cured product obtained by curing a curable compound, which are sequentially disposed on the conductive support. An area ratio A/B is 0.0045 or less, where A is an absorbance area at a wavelength of 1647 cm?1 to 1627 cm?1 and B is an absorbance area of a peak at a wavelength of 1800 cm?1 to 1647 cm?1 in an infrared absorption spectrum measurement of the protective layer. The photosensitive layer contains at least a hole transport material (HTM) and a radical acceptor compound. The electrophotographic photoreceptor is an electrophotographic photoreceptor including a protective layer with a high curing degree and having good initial electrical characteristics, excellent strong exposure characteristics, and excellent transfer repeatability.

Abstract: In a positively charging single layer type electrophotographic photoreceptor having an over coat layer, an electrophotographic photoreceptor that is excellent in mechanical strength, electric characteristics, and adhesiveness, an electrophotographic photoreceptor cartridge, and an image formation device are provided. In a positively charging electrophotographic photoreceptor having a single layer type photosensitive layer and an over coat layer, the Martens hardness on the photoreceptor surface satisfies the prescribed condition, and preferably the photosensitive layer satisfies the particular relational expression of the contents and the molecular weights of the hole transporting substance and the electron transporting substance contained therein, thereby solving the problem.

Abstract: As a new negatively charging electrophotographic photoconductor having a cured resin based protective layer that does not necessitate a heat treatment for enhancing the electric characteristics, a negatively charging electrophotographic photoconductor having a structure including a photosensitive layer and a protective layer containing a cured product formed by curing a curable compound on a conductive support in this order, the photosensitive layer containing at least a hole transporting material (HTM) and a radical acceptor compound or an electron transporting material (ETM), the hole transporting material (HTM) being a compound having an energy difference between a HOMO level and a LUMO level of 3.60 eV or less, and having a HOMO level of ?4.50 eV or less based on the vacuum level is proposed.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor which can prevent an increase in potential even using a fluorine resin in a charge transport layer, and can achieve both electrical properties and abrasion resistance, and present invention relates to a lamination type electrophotographic photoreceptor, in which a charge transport layer of the lamination type electrophotographic photoreceptor contains a compound having an E_homo of ?4.550 eV or more based on structure optimization calculation by density functional calculation B3LYP/6-31G (d, p) and fluorine resin particles, and a content of the fluorine resin particles is 3% by weight to 20% by weight based on a total mass of the charge transport layer.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor which can prevent an increase in potential even using a fluorine resin in a charge transport layer, and can achieve both electrical properties and abrasion resistance, and present invention relates to a lamination type electrophotographic photoreceptor, in which a charge transport layer of the lamination type electrophotographic photoreceptor contains a compound having an E_homo of ?4.550 eV or more based on structure optimization calculation by density functional calculation B3LYP/6-31G (d, p) and fluorine resin particles, and a content of the fluorine resin particles is 3% by weight to 20% by weight based on a total mass of the charge transport layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor including a conductive support and a photosensitive layer on the conductive support, and the photosensitive layer contains a polymer A containing a repeating structural unit represented by a specific formula, and a polymer B containing a repeating structural unit represented by a specific formula. In addition, the present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor cartridge and an image forming apparatus including the electrophotographic photoreceptor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor including a conductive support and a photosensitive layer on the conductive support, and the photosensitive layer contains a polymer A containing a repeating structural unit represented by a specific formula, and a polymer B containing a repeating structural unit represented by a specific formula. In addition, the present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor cartridge and an image forming apparatus including the electrophotographic photoreceptor.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor which can prevent an increase in potential even using a fluorine resin in a charge transport layer, and can achieve both electrical properties and abrasion resistance, and present invention relates to a lamination type electrophotographic photoreceptor, in which a charge transport layer of the lamination type electrophotographic photoreceptor contains a compound having an E_homo of ?4.550 eV or more based on structure optimization calculation by density functional calculation B3LYP/6-31G (d, p) and fluorine resin particles, and a content of the fluorine resin particles is 3% by weight to 20% by weight based on a total mass of the charge transport layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member, including: a conductive substrate; an undercoat layer formed on the conductive substrate, which contains a binder resin and metal oxide particles treated with an organic metal compound represented by formula (1): where M is —Si3, —TiR3 or Al; R is a hydrogen atom or a C1 to C6 alkyl group; R1 and R2 are each, independently, a C1 to C6 alkyl group; R3 is a C1 to C6 alkyl group which may be substituted with an alkoxy group or a C1 to C6 alkoxy group which may be substituted with an alkoxy group; and a photosensitive layer formed on the undercoat layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic copying method, which comprises conducting each process of at least charging, exposing to light, developing and transferring, characterized in that the photoreceptor has at least an undercoat layer and a photosensitive layer on an electroconductive substrate, wherein the undercoat layer contains a semiconductive material having a band gap of at least 2.2 eV and a binder resin, the photosensitive layer contains at least a phthalocyanine compound as a charge-generation material, and image-formation is carried out from the first revolution of the photoreceptor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a piezoelectric ceramic composition for actuator which is a composition comprising a basic composition containing lead, lanthanum, alkali earth metals, zirconium, titanium and oxygen in the formulation represented by the following general formula (I): ##EQU1## where A represents one or more element(s) selected from the group consisting of Ba, Ca and Sr; 0<x.ltoreq.0.07; 0.40.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.65; and 0<m.ltoreq.0.15, wherein the ceramic composition containing, relative to the basic composition, one or more element(s) selected from the group consisting of iron, aluminum, manganese, indium and tellurium in an amount of 0.02 to 0.3% by weight in terms of Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 or Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0.02 to 0.2% by weight in terms of MnO.sub.2 and 0.02 to 0.5% by weight in terms of In.sub.2 O.sub.3 or TeO.sub.2.

Abstract: A piezoelectric ceramic composition for actuators, composed of lead, lanthanum, zirconium, titanium, magnesium, zinc, niobium, manganese, chromium and oxygen atoms, which contains manganese in an amount of at most 1.5% by weight as calculated as Mn.sub.2 O and chromium in an amount of at most 0.5% by weight as calculated as Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3, relative to a main component composition of the formula (I):Pb.sub.(1-x) La.sub.x [(1-z)(Zr.sub.y Ti.sub.(1-y))+z{Mg.sub.q Zn.sub.(1-q)).sub.1/3 Nb.sub.2/3 }].sub.(1-x/4) O.sub.3 (I)wherein 0<x.ltoreq.0.07, 0.40.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.65, 0.ltoreq.q.ltoreq.1, and 0<z.ltoreq.0.40.