Abstract: The image forming apparatus includes a photoreceptor, a charger that charges a surface of the photoreceptor, an exposer that irradiates the charged surface of the photoreceptor with light to form an electrostatic latent image, a developer that develops the electrostatic latent image to form a toner image, a transferer that transfers the toner image onto a recording medium, a cleaner that removes residual toner on the surface of the photoreceptor, and an inductor. The photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate and a photoreceptive layer provided on the conductive substrate. The conductive substrate is connected to a ground via the inductor.

Abstract: The image forming apparatus of the present invention includes a photoreceptor, a charger that charges a surface of the photoreceptor, an exposer that irradiates the charged surface of the photoreceptor with light to form an electrostatic latent image, a developer that develops the electrostatic latent image to form a toner image, a transferer that transfers the toner image onto a recording medium, a cleaner that removes residual toner on the surface of the photoreceptor, and an inductor. The photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate and a photoreceptive layer provided on the conductive substrate. The conductive substrate is connected to a ground via the inductor.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophotographic photoreceptor including at least a laminated photoreceptive layer in which a charge generating layer containing a charge generating substance and a charge transporting layer containing a charge transporting substance are laminated in this order on a substrate, where the charge generating substance is a titanyl phthalocyanine showing diffraction peaks at least at Bragg angles (2?±0.2°) 7.3°, 9.4°, 11.6°, 24.2° and 27.3° in an X-ray diffraction spectrum using CuK? ray, and the laminated photoreceptive layer includes an optical absorption spectrum that has a maximum absorption at 800 to 850 nm and where a ratio Abs860 nm/Abs780 nm of a peak intensity at 860 nm (Abs860 nm) to a peak intensity at 780 nm (Abs780 nm) is 0.6 or more to 1.2 or less when a minimum absorbance at 400 to 800 nm is calibrated to 0.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion element includes an electron transport layer, a hole transport layer, and a light absorption layer disposed between the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer. The light absorption layer includes a perovskite compound having a needle-like crystal structure, and a binder resin. The binder resin preferably contains a polyvinyl butyral resin or a cellulose resin.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion element according to the present disclosure includes an electron-transporting layer, a hole-transporting layer, and a light-absorbing layer interposed between the electron-transporting layer and the hole-transporting layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a multilayered photosensitive layer or a monolayer photosensitive layer, wherein the multilayered photosensitive layer comprises at least a charge generation layer containing a charge generation material and a charge transport layer containing a charge transport material that are stacked on a conductive substrate in this order, and the monolayer photosensitive layer contains a charge generation material and a charge transport material that is stacked on a conductive substrate, wherein the electrophotographic photoreceptor contains 5 to 17 wt % of fluorine resin fine particles and their aggregates with respect to all photoreceptor components in a surface layer of the photoreceptor, wherein the fluorine resin fine particles are 0.1 to 0.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer formed on a conductive substrate, wherein the photosensitive layer contains oxygen-containing fluorinated fine particles in a surface layer thereof, and the oxygen-containing fluorinated fine particles have an oxygen composition ratio of 0.9 to 3.0% by atom based on the whole composition of the fine particles according to an X-ray fluorescence composition analysis.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a multilayered photosensitive layer or a monolayer photosensitive layer, wherein the multilayered photosensitive layer comprises at least a charge generation layer containing a charge generation material and a charge transport layer containing a charge transport material that are stacked on a conductive substrate in this order, and the monolayer photosensitive layer contains a charge generation material and a charge transport material that is stacked on a conductive substrate, wherein the electrophotographic photoreceptor contains 5 to 17 wt % of fluorine resin fine particles and their aggregates with respect to all photoreceptor components in a surface layer of the photoreceptor, wherein the fluorine resin fine particles are 0.1 to 0.

Abstract: The present invention provides a coating solution for forming a charge transport layer including a charge transport material, a binder resin and tetrafluoroethylene resin fine particles, wherein the binder resin exhibits a surface free energy of 25 to 35 mJ/mm2 in the charge transport layer formed with a coating solution for forming a charge transport layer without comprising the tetrafluoroethylene resin fine particles; and the tetrafluoroethylene resin fine particles (1) include primary particles having an average particle diameter of 0.1 to 0.5 ?m and secondary particles corresponding to aggregates of the primary particles; (2) account for 1 to 30% by weight of non-solvent components in the coating solution; (3) contain primary particles and secondary particles having a particle diameter of less than 1 ?m at a content of less than 80% by weight; and (4) contain secondary particles having a particle diameter of 3 ?m or more at a content of no more than 5% by weight.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer formed on a conductive substrate, wherein the photosensitive layer contains oxygen-containing fluorinated fine particles in a surface layer thereof, and the oxygen-containing fluorinated fine particles have an oxygen composition ratio of 0.9 to 3.0% by atom based on the whole composition of the fine particles according to an X-ray fluorescence composition analysis.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a conductive support and a photosensitive layer obtained by laminating at least a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer containing a charge transport material in this order on the conductive support, the photosensitive layer being provided with a surface protective layer on the surface thereof, wherein the protective layer contains at least filler particles which exhibit a dispersed state defined by Rf given by the following equations (1) and (2): Rf=(df×b3)/(dm×a3)??(1) 1.0×10?3?Rf?2.

Abstract: A function separation type electrophotographic photoconductor comprising: a conductive support; an undercoat layer formed on the conductive support; a charge generation layer formed on the undercoat layer; and a charge transfer layer formed on the charge generation layer, the undercoat layer containing at least a binder resin and metal oxide microparticles subjected to surface treatment with anhydrous silicon dioxide, the charge transfer layer containing at least a binder resin and an enamine compound represented by the following general formula (1): wherein one or more of R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 represent a C6-C10 aryl group that may have a substituent; the others each represent hydrogen atom or C1-C4 alkyl, C4-C9 heterocyclic, C7-C16 aralkyl or C11-C16 arylidene alkyl group that may have a substituent; or R2 and R3 together with carbon atoms with which they are combined may form a cyclic or condensed cyclic group that may have a substituent.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a conductive support and a photosensitive layer obtained by laminating at least a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer containing a charge transport material in this order on the conductive support, the photosensitive layer being provided with a surface protective layer on the surface thereof, wherein the protective layer contains at least filler particles which exhibit a dispersed state defined by Rf given by the following equations (1) and (2): Rf=(df×b3)/(dm×a3) ??(1) 1.0×10?3?Rf?2.