Abstract: An air conditioning apparatus 1 includes first start control and second start control as its start control. In the first start control, first outdoor heat exchangers 24a, 24b are controlled to function as evaporators and second outdoor heat exchangers 25a, 25b are controlled to function as condensers. Thus, even when the compressors 21a, 21b are driven on at a given rotation number, the discharge pressures thereof can be prevented from increasing, thereby being able to prevent the internal pressures of the compressors 21a, 21b from increasing. Also, after end of the first start control, the first outdoor heat exchangers 24a, 24b and second outdoor heat exchangers 25a, 25b are all controlled to function as evaporators, and the compressors 21a, 21b are driven on at a given rotation number. This can shorten the rising time of the heating capacity in the start of the normal heating operation.

Abstract: A CPU 110 compares the extracted outside air temperature with a first low pressure saturation temperature. When the outside air temperature is lower than the first low pressure saturation temperature, the CPU 110 switches a first three-way valve 22 and a second three-way valve 23 so that a second outdoor heat exchanger 25 is used as a condenser and that a first outdoor heat exchanger 24 is not used. When the outside air temperature is higher than a second low pressure saturation temperature which is the first low pressure saturation temperature to which a predetermined temperature is added, the CPU 110 switches the first three-way valve 22 and the second three-way valve 23 so that the first outdoor heat exchanger 24 is used as a condenser and that the second outdoor heat exchanger 25 is not used.

Abstract: A refrigeration apparatus includes an outdoor unit having a first compressor and a second compressor connected in parallel with each other, a first oil separator attached to the first compressor and connected to a suction pipe of the second compressor via a first oil return piping including a pressure reducing device, and a second oil separator attached to the second compressor and connected to a suction pipe of the first compressor via a second oil return piping including a pressure reducing device. The suction pipes of the first and second compressors are connected together. The first compressor is a variable-speed compressor, and the second compressor is a constant-speed compressor. A solenoid valve selectively forming a bypass circuit with respect to the pressure reducing device, is connected in parallel with the pressure reducing device of the first oil return piping. The solenoid valve is opened when the first compressor is restarted.

Abstract: A driver condition estimation apparatus 5 estimates condition of a driver. The driver condition estimation apparatus 5 includes a driver condition estimating unit 50a for estimating the condition of the driver before the driver starts driving; and a control variable changing unit 50b for changing control variables of in-vehicle devices based on the condition of the driver estimated by the driver condition estimating unit 50a.

Abstract: In a refrigeration apparatus having a plurality of compressors, which are connected in parallel and are operated, in an outdoor unit, a compressor (inverter compressor) is started surely after the stoppage of operation.

Abstract: There is provided a refrigeration apparatus in which a refrigerant accumulating in non-operating outdoor units is supplied to an outdoor unit being operated in which a shortage of refrigerant occurs without starting the compressors of the non-operating outdoor units.

Abstract: In the case where one compressor that is operated by being connected in parallel is a compressor in which the discharged oil amount is small, and the other compressor is a compressor in which the discharged oil amount is large, the amounts of refrigerator oil in the compressors are made approximately equal.

Abstract: A driver condition estimation apparatus 5 estimates condition of a driver. The driver condition estimation apparatus 5 includes a driver condition estimating unit 50a for estimating the condition of the driver before the driver starts driving; and a control variable changing unit 50b for changing control variables of in-vehicle devices based on the condition of the driver estimated by the driver condition estimating unit 50a.

Abstract: A transfer sheet for use in forming a conductor circuit comprises a base and a metal layer formed into a circuit pattern on the base. The metal layer is transferred onto a surface of an insulation layer. At least part of the circuit pattern of the metal layer is formed by laser-processing. Since it is possible, without using an etching process and a plating process at a minute part of the conductor circuit, to remove the metal layer by emitting laser light having a minute beam diameter, it is possible to form a minute conductor circuit which is 50 ?m or less in width and pitch, with the result that it is prevented that the conductor circuit has a break because of excessive etching and a failure of plating deposition or the conductor circuit is short-circuited because of the residue of etching and a short of plating.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to satisfy all of a high-density wiring package, soldering thermal resistance, an insulating property and high-frequency transmission characteristics. The invention is a multi-layer wiring substrate having a lamination of a plurality of dielectric layers which are each provided with a wiring conductor made of a metallic foil on at least one of upper and bottom surfaces of the dielectric layer, the wiring conductors between which the dielectric layer is disposed being electrically connected with each other via a through conductor formed in the dielectric layer; on this occasion, the dielectric layers each individually are composed of a liquid crystal polymer layer and cladding layers made of a polyphenyleneether-type organic substance and formed on upper and bottom surfaces of the liquid crystal polymer layer.

Abstract: A transfer sheet for use in forming a conductor circuit comprises a base and a metal layer formed into a circuit pattern on the base. The metal layer is transferred onto a surface of an insulation layer. At least part of the circuit pattern of the metal layer is formed by laser-processing. Since it is possible, without using an etching process and a plating process at a minute part of the conductor circuit, to remove the metal layer by emitting laser light having a minute beam diameter, it is possible to form a minute conductor circuit which is 50 &mgr;m or less in width and pitch, with the result that it is prevented that the conductor circuit has a break because of excessive etching and a failure of plating deposition or the conductor circuit is short-circuited because of the residue of etching and a short of plating.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to satisfy all of a high-density wiring package, soldering thermal resistance, an insulating property and high-frequency transmission characteristics. The invention is a multi-layer wiring substrate having a lamination of a plurality of dielectric layers which are each provided with a wiring conductor made of a metallic foil on at least one of upper and bottom surfaces of the dielectric layer, the wiring conductors between which the dielectric layer is disposed being electrically connected with each other via a through conductor formed in the dielectric layer; on this occasion, the dielectric layers each individually are composed of a liquid crystal polymer layer and cladding layers made of a polyphenyleneether-type organic substance and formed on upper and bottom surfaces of the liquid crystal polymer layer.

Abstract: A method of crystallizing tetrabromobisphenol A is described, which comprises continuously and simultaneously feeding a methanolic tetrabromobisphenol A solution and water separately to a first crystallizer to obtain a slurry in which a part of the tetrabromobisphenol A is crystallized and continuously and simultaneously feeding said slurry and water separately to a second crystallizer to crystallize substantially the whole amount of the tetrabromophisphenol A.

Abstract: A method of crystallizing tetrabromobisphenol A is described, which comprises continuously and simultaneously feeding a methanolic tetrabromobisphenol A solution and water separately to a first crystallizer to obtain a slurry in which a part of the tetrabromobisphenol A is crystallized and continuously and simultaneously feeding said slurry and water separately to a second crystallizer to crystallize substantially the whole amount of the tetrabromophisphenol A.

Abstract: A sodium styrenesulfonate hemihydrate is provided. This novel sodium styrenesulfonate hemihydrate solves the problems involved in conventional sodium styrenesulfonate such as decrease of effective component by polymerization during storage and transportation, and drop of commercial value by lumping. A composition containing the sodium styrenesulfonate hemihydrate, and a process for producing the sodium styrenesulfonate hemihydrate and the composition are also provided.

Abstract: The microcomputer applied control unit for use in a vehicle comprises digital data input device for setting a data direction register immediately before the digital data is read via an I/O port, and storage for storing the data thus inputted by the digital data input device.