Abstract: A moving picture decoding apparatus for decoding a current block of a picture is provided. A motion vector candidate list includes motion vector candidates. Each motion vector candidate includes a value. A second candidate is arranged before a first candidate in the motion vector candidate list. The first candidate is sorted before the second candidate in the motion vector candidate list based on the value of the first candidate and the value of the second candidate. An index identifying a motion vector candidate from the motion vector candidate list is decoded, and the current block is generated using the identified motion vector candidate. The value of the first candidate is higher than the value of the second candidate, and the value is based on a number of times the candidate is selected as a motion vector predictor for neighboring blocks.

Abstract: An image coding method includes: deriving a candidate for a motion vector of a current block from a co-located motion vector; adding the candidate to a list; selecting the motion vector of the current block from the list; and coding the current block, wherein the deriving includes: deriving the candidate by a first derivation scheme in the case of determining that each of a current reference picture and a co-located reference picture is a long-term reference picture; and deriving the candidate by a second derivation scheme in the case of determining that each of the current reference picture and the co-located reference picture is a short-term reference picture.

Abstract: An image coding method includes: writing, into a sequence parameter set, buffer description defining information for defining a plurality of buffer descriptions; writing, into the sequence parameter set, reference list description defining information for defining a plurality of reference list descriptions corresponding to the buffer descriptions; and writing, into a first header of each processing unit which is included in a coded bitstream, buffer description selecting information for specifying a selected buffer description.

Abstract: A decoding method and apparatus are provided. A first candidate having a first motion vector that has been used to decode a first block, a first prediction direction that corresponds to the first motion vector, and a first reference picture index that identifies a first reference picture is derived. A second candidate having a second motion vector that has been used to decode a second block, a second prediction direction that corresponds to the second motion vector, and a second reference picture index that identifies a second reference picture is derived. When a total number of candidates is less than a maximum number, a third candidate is derived by combining the first motion vector and the first reference picture index for the first prediction direction of the first candidate and the second motion vector and the second reference picture index for the second prediction direction of the second candidate.

Abstract: A moving picture coding includes: coding a first flag indicating whether or not temporal motion vector prediction is used; when the first flag indicates that the temporal motion vector prediction is used: coding a first parameter for calculating the temporal predictive motion vector; wherein when the first flag indicates that the temporal motion vector prediction is not used, the first parameter is not coded.

Abstract: A method of encoding video including: writing a plurality of predetermined buffer descriptions into a sequence parameter set of a coded video bitstream; writing a plurality of updating parameters into a slice header of the coded video bitstream for selecting and modifying one buffer description out of the plurality of buffer descriptions; and encoding a slice into the coded video bitstream using the slice header and the modified buffer description.

Abstract: An image decoding method includes: dividing a current block into sub-blocks; deriving, for each sub-block, one or more prediction information candidates; obtaining an index; and decoding the current block using the prediction information candidate selected by the index.

Abstract: An image coding method includes: performing context arithmetic coding to consecutively code (i) first information indicating whether or not to perform sample adaptive offset (SAO) processing for a first region of an image and (ii) second information indicating whether or not to use, in the SAO processing for the first region, information on SAO processing for a region other than the first region, the context arithmetic coding being arithmetic coding using a variable probability, the SAO processing being offset processing on a pixel value; and performing bypass arithmetic coding to code other information which is information on the SAO processing for the first region and different from the first information or the second information, after the first information and the second information are coded, the bypass arithmetic coding being arithmetic coding using a fixed probability.

Abstract: By the moving picture coding method and the moving picture decoding method, it is possible to improve coding efficiency. The moving picture coding apparatus includes a merge block candidate calculation unit that (i) specifies merge block candidates at merge mode, by using colpic information such as motion vectors and reference picture index values of neighbor blocks of a current block to be coded and a motion vector and the like of a collocated block of the current block which are stored in a colPic memory, and (ii) generates a combined merge block by using the merge block candidates.

Abstract: A moving picture coding apparatus for coding a current block is provided. A first candidate is derived from a first motion vector that has been used to code a first block, and it is determined whether a total number of candidates including the first candidate is less than a maximum candidate number. A second candidate having a second motion vector is derived when the total number of the candidates is less than the maximum candidate number, with the second motion vector including a zero vector. A candidate is selected from a plurality of candidates including the first candidate and the second candidate, and the current block is decoded using the selected candidate.

Abstract: When printing, an image forming apparatus determines, based on a threshold voltage corresponding to a print speed during printing, whether or not a corona wire of a charger needs to be cleaned. On the basis of whether or not a monitoring voltage corresponding to a current value of a charged bias, which is applied to the corona wire by a charged-bias high-voltage power supply, is equal to or more than a predetermined threshold voltage corresponding to the print speed during printing, the image forming apparatus determines whether or not the corona wire needs to be cleaned.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus that prevents transfer defects such as the occurrence of white spots includes a photoreceptor drum, a transfer roller, a transfer bias application circuit that applies a transfer bias to the transfer roller, a static elimination needle that eliminates static of a recording paper, a static elimination bias application circuit that applies a static elimination bias to the static elimination needle, and a printer controller. The printer controller controls the static elimination bias application circuit so that a potential difference between the static elimination needle and the recording paper during the period from when a front end region of the recording paper passes by the static elimination needle until when a front end of the recording paper comes into contact with a conveyance guide becomes smaller than the potential difference during the period that the front end region of the recording paper passes by the static elimination needle.

Abstract: When printing, an image forming apparatus determines, based on a threshold voltage corresponding to a print speed during printing, whether or not a corona wire of a charger needs to be cleaned. On the basis of whether or not a monitoring voltage corresponding to a current value of a charged bias, which is applied to the corona wire by a charged-bias high-voltage power supply, is equal to or more than a predetermined threshold voltage corresponding to the print speed during printing, the image forming apparatus determines whether or not the corona wire needs to be cleaned.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus that prevents transfer defects such as the occurrence of white spots. includes a photoreceptor drum, a transfer roller, a transfer bias application circuit that applies a transfer bias to the transfer roller a static elimination needle that eliminates static of a recording paper, a static elimination bias application circuit that applies a static elimination bias to the static elimination needle, and a printer controller. The printer controller controls the static elimination bias application circuit so that a potential difference between the static elimination needle and the recording paper during the period from when a front end region of the recording paper passes by the static elimination needle until when a front end of the recording paper comes into contact with a conveyance guide becomes smaller than the potential difference during the period that the front end region of the recording paper passes by the static elimination needle.

Abstract: An image forming device includes a photoconductive drum, a discharge electrode which discharges corona onto a surface of the photoconductive drum, and a cleaning member which cleans the discharge electrode by moving on the discharge electrode. The image forming device further includes a detection device, which is arranged on one of a first side and a second side in a moving direction of the cleaning member, and detects a current value of an electric current discharged from the discharge electrode.

Abstract: A control device executes toner concentration control that controls an operation of a developing device such that a value of detection output detected by a concentration detecting device falls within a predetermined range. Moreover, when controlling drive of a first driving device, which drives at least an image carrier, and drive of a second driving device, which drives at least a fuser device, the control device executes operation control that starts the drive of the first driving device before the drive of the second driving device.

Abstract: An image forming device includes a motor, a photoconductive drum, a charging unit, an abrasion tool, a timer, and a controller. The charging unit is provided at a periphery of the photoconductive drum, and charges the photoconductive drum by a corona discharge method. The abrasion tool is provided at the periphery of the photoconductive drum, and abrades the surface of the photoconductive drum while the photoconductive drum is rotating. The timer measures a job interval from when the motor is stopped to end a previous print job until when the motor is driven to start a next print job. The controller executes over a predetermined period of time a pre-rotation process to adjust the photoconductive drum and a peripheral system of the photoconductive drum into an optimum state, and calculates a period when the pre-rotation process is to be executed according to the measured job interval.

Abstract: A control device executes toner concentration control that controls an operation of a developing device such that a value of detection output detected by a concentration detecting device falls within a predetermined range. Moreover, when controlling drive of a first driving device, which drives at least an image carrier, and drive of a second driving device, which drives at least a fuser device, the control device executes operation control that starts the drive of the first driving device before the drive of the second driving device.

Abstract: In an image forming device, when a transfer bias voltage is applied to a contact transfer member under a state in which a recording medium is nipped between a photoconductive drum and the contact transfer member, a toner image on a surface of the photoconductive drum is transferred onto the recording medium. A test voltage is applied to the contact transfer member under a state in which the recording medium is not nipped between the photoconductive drum and the contact transfer member. The transfer bias voltage is determined based on a current value acquired when the test voltage is applied. If a pre-set condition is satisfied, a pre-set adjusting value is added or subtracted.

Abstract: The image decoding method includes: determining a context for use in a current block to be processed, from among a plurality of contexts; and performing arithmetic decoding on a bit sequence corresponding to the current block, using the determined context, wherein in the determining: the context is determined under a condition that control parameters of neighboring blocks of the current block are used, when the signal type is a first type, the neighboring blocks being a left block and an upper block of the current block; and the context is determined under a condition that the control parameter of the upper block is not used, when the signal type is a second type.