Abstract: The technology presented herein has a feature of providing a liquid crystal display device of an excellent viewing angle characteristic and high brightness, including: liquid crystals containing polymerizable monomers between a first substrate with a pixel electrode having micro slits and a second substrate facing the first substrate; wherein the monomers are polymerizable with voltage applied to the liquid crystals; and an alignment orientation of the liquid crystals is controllable to a direction of extending the micro slit, wherein the pixel electrode includes: a direct coupling part electrically connected to a switching element; a capacitive coupling part electrically insulated from the switching element, and a space between the direct and capacitive coupling parts, wherein directions in which the micro slits are extended along the direct and capacitive coupling parts are orthogonal to each other.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device used as a display part of an electronic apparatus which exhibits high brightness and favorable display quality. The liquid crystal display device includes a pair of substrates which are arranged to face each other in an opposed manner; vertical-alignment type liquid crystal which is sealed between the pair of substrates; a plurality of pixel regions, each pixel region including a sub pixel having a pixel electrode on one substrate and a sub pixel having a pixel electrode on one substrate, a slit formed between the pixel electrodes; and a singular point control part which includes projecting portions which are formed on end portions of the pixel electrodes on the slit-side and controls singular points of the liquid crystal.

Abstract: The invention has an object to provide a liquid crystal display in which a wide angle of view is obtained and a response time at a halftone can be shortened by regulating an alignment orientation of a liquid crystal by the use of a polymer fixation system in which a liquid crystal layer containing a polymerizable component is sealed between substrates, and the polymerizable component is polymerized while a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer to fix a liquid crystal alignment. A liquid crystal layer containing a polymer for regulating a pretilt angle of a liquid crystal molecule and a tilt direction at a time of driving is sealed between two substrates arranged opposite to each other.

Abstract: The technology presented herein has a feature of providing a liquid crystal display device of an excellent viewing angle characteristic and high brightness, including: liquid crystals containing polymerizable monomers between a first substrate with a pixel electrode having micro slits and a second substrate facing the first substrate; wherein the monomers are polymerizable with voltage applied to the liquid crystals; and an alignment orientation of the liquid crystals is controllable to a direction of extending the micro slit, wherein the pixel electrode includes: a direct coupling part electrically connected to a switching element; a capacitive coupling part electrically insulated from the switching element, and a space between the direct and capacitive coupling parts, wherein directions in which the micro slits are extended along the direct and capacitive coupling parts are orthogonal to each other.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device used as a display part of an electronic apparatus which exhibits high brightness and favorable display quality. The liquid crystal display device includes a pair of substrates which are arranged to face each other in an opposed manner; vertical-alignment type liquid crystal which is sealed between the pair of substrates; a plurality of pixel regions, each pixel region including a sub pixel having a pixel electrode on one substrate and a sub pixel having a pixel electrode on one substrate, a slit formed between the pixel electrodes; and a singular point control part which includes projecting portions which are formed on end portions of the pixel electrodes on the slit-side and controls singular points of the liquid crystal.

Abstract: Fine electrode patterns pattern-formed in the shape of fine teeth of a comb bilaterally symmetrical with respect to band-shaped portions are formed at even intervals in a pixel electrode, and band-shaped dielectric layers are pattern-formed at even intervals to cover the fine electrode patterns in a display pixel. By the existence of the dielectric layer and the fine electrode patterns complementing this, a portion formed with this layer and the fine electrode patterns is a high threshold voltage region, and relatively, a low threshold voltage region where the dielectric layer does not exist is formed. By the aforementioned construction, it becomes possible to improve a delay in response speed at low gray levels and increase the speed of halftone response, whereby a very reliable image display having moving image performance almost equal to that of a CRT is realized.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus including a pair of substrates having electrodes and vertical alignment layers. A liquid crystal having a negative anisotropy of dielectric is inserted between the substrates. Each substrate has linearly arranged alignment control structures for controlling the alignment of the liquid crystal. The alignment control structures are formed in the form of projections or slits. Each alignment control structure is formed of a plurality of constituent units. In addition, means for forming a boundary of alignment of liquid crystal (singular point in director field) to control the liquid crystal located on the alignment control structures.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus including a pair of substrates having electrodes and vertical alignment layers. A liquid crystal having a negative anisotropy of dielectric is inserted between the substrates. Each substrate has linearly arranged alignment control structures for controlling the alignment of the liquid crystal. The alignment control structures are formed in the form of projections or slits. Each alignment control structure is formed of a plurality of constituent units. In addition, means for forming a boundary of alignment of liquid crystal (singular point in director field) to control the liquid crystal located on the alignment control structures.

Abstract: A controller in the electric vehicle is provided in which data which are criteria to determine a magnitude of degradation tendency of a high-voltage secondary cell are stored in a ROM in a high-voltage battery electrical controller. When it is detected that an ignition switch is turned off, the magnitude of the degradation tendency is determined depending on a temperature of the high-voltage secondary cell and a state of charge value based on the data. When it is determined that the degradation tendency is large, the battery fan and the air conditioner are operated so that the state of charge value and the temperature decrease. Next, while repeating determination of the magnitude of the degradation tendency, when it is determined that the degradation tendency is small, the operation of the battery fan and the air conditioner is stopped. Therefore, the state of charge value is prevented from decreasing more than necessary.

Abstract: A polyimide film is formed in only the peripheries of picture elements defined by gate bus lines and data bus lines. The areas where the polyimide film is formed have higher thresholds of transmittance-voltage (T-V) characteristics than the areas without polyimide films. Discolor can be suppressed by providing a plurality of areas having different T-V characteristics within each picture element as described above.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus including a pair of substrates having electrodes and vertical alignment layers. A liquid crystal having a negative anisotropy of dielectric is inserted between the substrates. Each substrate has linearly arranged alignment control structures for controlling the alignment of the liquid crystal. The alignment control structures are formed in the form of projections or slits. Each alignment control structure is formed of a plurality of constituent units. In addition, means for forming a boundary of alignment of liquid crystal (singular point in director field) to control the liquid crystal located on the alignment control structures.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate and a second substrate sandwiching a liquid crystal layer therebetween, a first polarizer disposed adjacent to the first substrate at a side opposite to a side of the first polarizer facing the liquid crystal layer, with a first gap between the first polarizer and the first substrate, a second polarizer disposed adjacent to the second substrate at a side opposite to a side of the second polarizer facing the liquid crystal layer, with a second gap between the second polarizer and the second substrate, wherein at least one of the first and second gaps includes therein a first retardation film having a positive optical anisotropy and a second retardation film having a negative optical anisotropy, such that the first retardation film is disposed closer to the liquid crystal layer with respect to the second retardation film.

Abstract: This invention provides a liquid crystal display device which can contribute to the stabilization of alignment of a liquid crystal and can improve the response speed. The liquid crystal display device comprises a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal layer held between the substrates. At least one of the pair of substrates has a polymer on its surface in contact with the liquid crystal layer. The surface shape of the polymer is in a substantially saw form as viewed from the cross-sectional direction of the substrate. The inclination azimuth of the inclination surface of the polymer is substantially the same as the liquid crystal alignment upon the application of the voltage. Preferably, the surface of the polymer has an approximately wedge shape as viewed from the vertical direction of the substrate, and the azimuth of the apex is approximately opposite to the liquid crystal alignment upon the application of the voltage.

Abstract: A vertically alignment mode liquid crystal display device having an improved viewing angle characteristic is disclosed. The disclosed liquid crystal display device uses a liquid crystal having a negative anisotropic dielectric constant, and orientations of the liquid crystal are vertical to substrates when no voltage being applied, almost horizontal when a predetermined voltage is applied, and oblique when an intermediate voltage is applied. At least one of the substrates includes a structure as domain regulating means, and inclined surfaces of the structure operate as a trigger to regulate azimuths of the oblique orientations of the liquid crystal when the intermediate voltage is applied.

Abstract: When a trouble is developed in an IP exchange (TM) 2 or a circuit (network) 5, a backup exchange 6 (backup TM) is switched over from a waiting system to an operating system, and all IP terminals Eqi inside lodgments A, B, . . . N also log out from the IP exchange (TM) 2, and transmit the IP addresses to the backup exchanges 6 (backup TM) inside own lodgment, respectively, and log in there with a result that the extension telephone calls inside own lodgment is made possible by a control of the backup exchange 6 (backup TM), and therefore, even when a fault occurs in the IP exchange or the circuit, the IP terminals inside the lodgment are backed up and the actuations of the IP terminals are continuously operated, and for example, the extension phone calls inside the lodgment can be realized.

Abstract: There is provided a projection optical system for projecting a pattern on an object surface onto an image surface in a reduced size. The projection optical system includes six reflective surfaces that includes, in order of reflecting light from the object surface, a first reflective surface, a second convex reflective surface, a third convex reflective surface, a fourth reflective surface, a fifth reflective surface and a sixth reflective surface, and an aperture stop along an optical path between the first and second reflective surfaces.

Abstract: There is provided a projection optical system for projecting a pattern on an object surface onto an image surface in a reduced size. The projection optical system includes six reflective surfaces that includes, in order of reflecting light from the object surface, a first reflective surface, a second convex reflective surface, a third convex reflective surface, a fourth reflective surface, a fifth reflective surface and a sixth reflective surface, and an aperture stop along an optical path between the first and second reflective surfaces.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate and a second substrate sandwiching a liquid crystal layer therebetween, a first polarizer disposed adjacent to the first substrate at a side opposite to a side of the first polarizer facing the liquid crystal layer, with a first gap between the first polarizer and the first substrate, a second polarizer disposed adjacent to the second substrate at a side opposite to a side of the second polarizer facing the liquid crystal layer, with a second gap between the second polarizer and the second substrate, wherein at least one of the first and second gaps includes therein a first retardation film having a positive optical anisotropy and a second retardation film having a negative optical anisotropy, such that the first retardation film is disposed closer to the liquid crystal layer with respect to the second retardation film.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device, liquid crystal molecules are oriented in a vertical direction to the first substrate and the second substrate by the first molecule orientation film and the second molecule orientation film, respectively, in a non-driving state. A structural pattern is formed so as to extend in a first direction parallel to a surface of the liquid crystal layer and so as to form, in a driving state, an electric field periodically changing in a second direction that is parallel to the liquid crystal layer and vertical to the first direction. The liquid crystal molecules substantially tilt in the first direction in the driving state.

Abstract: MTID of a terminal apparatus is preliminarily registered into a database of an ISP. In step S2, when a power source of the terminal apparatus is turned on first, (MTID=B) is transmitted from the terminal apparatus to a router. A transmission signal is received by the router and (HGWID=A, MTID=B) is transmitted from the router to the ISP. If (HGWID=A, MTID=B) has been registered in the database, the ISP transmits a permission message in step S5. In step S6, an IP address for a new terminal apparatus is allocated and the new terminal apparatus can participate in a homenetwork. If (HGWID=A, MTID=B) is not registered, a refusal message is sent to the router.