Abstract: An electrode unit of a joining apparatus includes an abutting section provided with a tapered outer circumferential surface that contacts a tapered pressure-receiving surface by being inserted into an inside of a first metal member. The tapered outer circumferential surface inclines in a direction of getting closer to an axial center of the abutting section from one end side to another end side. At least part of the abutting section has a thickness elastically deformable in such a manner that the tapered outer circumferential surface aligns with the tapered pressure-receiving surface during application of a pressurizing force to the first metal member and a second metal member.

Abstract: A joining apparatus includes an electrifying/pressurizing head provided with an abutting surface contacting a pressure-receiving surface of a first metal member, joins the first metal member and a second metal member by electrification and pressurization employing the electrifying/pressurizing head, and obtains a joined body in which a joining interface inclines with respect to the pressure-receiving surface. The abutting surface includes: an electrode section capable of electrifying the first metal member; and an insulating section configured from an insulating material. At least a shortest portion where a distance from the joining interface will be shortest, of the pressure-receiving surface will be a non-contact-with-electrode section of non-contact with the electrode section, and the insulating section contacts at least part of the non-contact-with-electrode section.

Abstract: An electrode unit of a joining apparatus includes an abutting section provided with a tapered outer circumferential surface that contacts a tapered pressure-receiving surface by being inserted into an inside of a first metal member. The tapered outer circumferential surface inclines in a direction of getting closer to an axial center of the abutting section from one end side to another end side. At least part of the abutting section has a thickness elastically deformable in such a manner that the tapered outer circumferential surface aligns with the tapered pressure-receiving surface during application of a pressurizing force to the first metal member and a second metal member.

Abstract: A welded portion forming structure forms a welded portion that joins a valve seat and a cylinder head main body. If the distance in a radial direction between a vertex of a corner, which is formed by a first surface and a second surface of the convex portion, and the first origin portion is assumed to be A, and the distance in the radial direction between the vertex and the second origin portion is assumed to be B, then a relation that satisfies all of A>0, A?B, and B?0 holds. Moreover, an angle which a first joint surface of the valve seat forms with an axial direction and an angle which the second joint surface forms with the axial direction are equal.

Abstract: A bonded metal product constituted by bonding a first metal workpiece and a second metal workpiece. Metal microparticles formed from metal having a value for oxidation-reduction potential positively larger than H2 are scattered in the crystal grain boundaries of either or both of the first metal workpiece and the second metal workpiece. In addition, metal bonding is formed between metal originating in the first metal workpiece and metal originating in the second metal workpiece in the bonding interface for the first metal workpiece and the second metal workpiece. Furthermore, the mental microparticles and oxygen are not present in the bonding interface.

Abstract: A sliding member for which adhesiveness between the surface of a base member and metal coating is enhanced. An undercoat layer having a resin material at the surface thereof is provided, and a solid lubricating portion is formed on the undercoat layer so as to provide a sliding face from at least one kind of material of silver, silver alloy, copper and copper alloy. An intermixture layer in which both the undercoat layer and the solid lubricating portion are intermixed with each other is interposed between the undercoat layer and the solid lubricating portion.

Abstract: A piston that maintains excellent lubricating performance even when the internal combustion engine is operated in severe environments. A primer layer including a resinous material is disposed on the sliding surface of the skirt of a piston, and solid lubricating parts, preferably including silver (Ag), a silver alloy, copper (Cu), or a copper alloy are disposed on the primer layer. In the primer layer and the solid lubricating parts, a fibrous filler including metallic fibers, etc., is present so as to extend across the boundary between the primer layer and the solid lubricating parts.

Abstract: A sliding member for which adhesiveness between the surface of a base member and metal coating is enhanced. An undercoat layer having a resin material at the surface thereof is provided, and a solid lubricating portion is formed on the undercoat layer so as to provide a sliding face from at least one kind of material of silver, silver alloy, copper and copper alloy. An intermixture layer in which both the undercoat layer and the solid lubricating portion are intermixed with each other is interposed between the undercoat layer and the solid lubricating portion.