Abstract: A manufacturing method of a semiconductor element includes forming a plurality of islands, each including a semiconductor layer containing a nitride semiconductor and a support formed on the semiconductor layer, on a sapphire substrate, joining the support to a retention substrate via an adhesive member, peeling off the semiconductor layer from the sapphire substrate by irradiating the semiconductor layer with laser light, and polishing a surface of the semiconductor layers peeled off from the sapphire substrate.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a semiconductor element includes forming a plurality of semiconductor layers on a sapphire substrate, each of the semiconductor layers having a first surface on the sapphire substrate side and a second surface on the opposite side, joining the second surfaces of the plurality of semiconductor layers to a retention member via an adhesive member, peeling off the plurality of semiconductor layers from the sapphire substrate by irradiating the first surfaces of the plurality of semiconductor layers with laser light, and polishing the first surfaces of the plurality of semiconductor layers. At least one semiconductor layer among the plurality of semiconductor layers includes a polishing indication part extending from the second surface toward the first surface. The polishing is executed until the polishing indication part is exposed to the polished surface.

Abstract: The present invention provides a topical composition for a nanobubble cosmetic with which functional properties required by various types of cosmetic products can be improved. The present invention is a topical composition for a nanobubble cosmetic to be used in a container equipped with a device mechanism for generating nanobubbles, said topical composition containing a polyoxypropylene diglyceryl ether and ethoxydiglycol, or containing hyaluronic acid or a salt thereof, or containing ethanol and menthol or a derivative thereof, or containing sorbitol and glycerin, or containing phytosteryl/octyldodecyl lauroyl glutamate, or containing glycereth-26, or containing hydrogenated lecithin and polysorbate 20, or containing ethanol and polysorbate 20.