Abstract: An increase control unit causes to apply a first voltage to a coil of a fuel injection valve to increase a driving current of the coil to a peak value. A holding control unit stops application of the first voltage, when the driving current increases to the peak value, and subsequently switches between a first holding control and a second holding control. The first holding control is to apply a second voltage lower than the first voltage to the coil based on at least one of the peak value, the second voltage, and a fuel pressure, to hold the driving current at a target current. The second holding control is to apply the first voltage to the coil to hold the driving current at the target current. The holding control unit performs one of the first holding control and the second holding control which is switched.

Abstract: An increase control unit causes to apply a first voltage to a coil of a fuel injection valve to increase a driving current of the coil to a peak value. A holding control unit stops application of the first voltage, when the driving current increases to the peak value, and subsequently switches between a first holding control and a second holding control. The first holding control is to apply a second voltage lower than the first voltage to the coil based on at least one of the peak value, the second voltage, and a fuel pressure, to hold the driving current at a target current. The second holding control is to apply the first voltage to the coil to hold the driving current at the target current. The holding control unit performs one of the first holding control and the second holding control which is switched.

Abstract: A cosmetic composition contains the following components (A), (B) and (C): (A) from 0.1 to 30 wt. % of a vinyl-based polymer having a carbosiloxane dendrimer structure in a side chain thereof, (B) from 0.1 to 30 wt. % of a nonvolatile cosmetic oil, which is in a liquid form at 25° C. and has a solubility parameter of 16.5 or greater, and (C) from 0.1 to 30 wt. % of a hydrophobic powder, and a weight ratio of the component (A) to the component (B), (A)/(B), is from 0.3 to 5.

Abstract: A cosmetic composition contains the following components (A), (B) and (C): (A) from 0.1 to 30 wt. % of a vinyl-based polymer having a carbosiloxane dendrimer structure in a side chain thereof, (B) from 0.1 to 30 wt. % of a nonvolatile cosmetic oil, which is in a liquid form at 25° C. and has a solubility parameter of 16.5 or greater, and (C) from 0.1 to 30 wt. % of a hydrophobic powder, and a weight ratio of the component (A) to the component (B), (A)/(B), is from 0.3 to 5.

Abstract: A solid electrolyte comprises a microporous film having high crystallizability and excellent solvent resistance. The microporous film is controlled by a wet phase inversion method to a porosity of 50% or greater and a pore diameter of 0.02 &mgr;m to 1 &mgr;m inclusive. The solid electrolyte may be used to construct an electrochemical device, a lithium ion secondary battery and an electric double-layer capacitor.