Abstract: A relay apparatus comprises a frame relay processing unit for relaying a frame, a plurality of ports for sending and receiving the frame to and from the outside, and a cryptographic processing module corresponding to each of the ports. Each cryptographic processing module is connected to the corresponding port and to the frame relay processing unit by means of general-purpose interfaces such as MII. The cryptographic processing module performs the encryption process and decryption process so that the frame relay processing unit can concentrate on the relay process and the relay speed is not subject to degradation. Also, the cryptographic processing module can generate a different cryptographic key for each frame without requiring dynamic exchange of key information.

Abstract: Asymmetric key generation apparatus generates asymmetric key based on a different key material for each piece of data. The symmetric key generation apparatus is configured to generate a symmetric key of a practically different value for a key material of a different value. An encrypted piece of data has a part encrypted by a symmetric key and a part of a cleartext. The latter part includes a key material used by the symmetric key generation apparatus that uses it for generating a symmetric key.

Abstract: A relay apparatus comprises a frame relay processing unit for relaying a frame, a plurality of ports for sending and receiving the frame to and from the outside, and a cryptographic processing module corresponding to each of the ports. Each cryptographic processing module is connected to the corresponding port and to the frame relay processing unit by means of general-purpose interfaces such as MII. The cryptographic processing module performs the encryption process and decryption process so that the frame relay processing unit can concentrate on the relay process and the relay speed is not subject to degradation. Also, the cryptographic processing module can generate a different cryptographic key for each frame without requiring dynamic exchange of key information.

Abstract: In a method and a device by which a service user can receive an event notifying message without disclosing contact information to an event notifier, a combination of a message ID acquired from a message receiver having received from a proxy request device an offering of the message ID using a unique code or symbol by which a destination can not be specified and contact information of the receiver is held, and an event notifying message corresponding to the message ID is transmitted to the message receiver of the contact information having the combination with the message ID when the message ID is received from the proxy request device, with an occurrence of an event. When the receiver receives the offering of the message ID and the message ID is received from the proxy request device having acquired the message ID from the receiver with an occurrence of an event, an event notifying message corresponding to the message ID is also transmitted.

Abstract: A biocatalyst is immobilized with a graft product of a polymer and saponified polyvinyl acetate containing a stilbazolium group as a photo-crosslinking group. The polymer is preferably gelatin, collagen, starch, cellulose, gum arabic, tragacanth gum, carrageenan, mannan, dextrin or alginic acid. The graft product is prepared by bonding the polymer to the polyvinyl acetate, either directly through functional groups of the polymer and polyvinyl acetate or through a crosslinking agent. The polymer provides affinity for the biocatalyst and by grafting the polymer to the saponified polyvinyl acetate, damage to cells upon immobilization is reduced. A liquid composition containing a biocatalyst and the graft product is added to an aqueous solution of an inorganic salt or an organic salt to form a granular gel and the gel is irradiated with actinic rays to cure the gel.

Abstract: A granular fixed molded article of an enzyme or microorganism strain is prepared by adding dropwise a liquid composition, composed of (a) a hydrophilic photocurable resin having at least two ethylenically unsaturated bonds per molecule, (b) a photopolymerization initiator, (c) a water-soluble high-molecular-weight polysaccharide having the ability to become a gel upon contact with at least one polyvalent metal ion and (d) an enzyme or microorganism strain, to an aqueous medium containing a polyvalent metal ion to gel the composition in a granular form, and then irradiating actinic light on the resulting granular gel to cure the photocurable resin in the granular gel.

Abstract: Continuous fermentation with yeast to produce alcohol is carried out by continuously passing a carbohydrate-containing substrate liquid through a vessel packed with a thin film means having yeast immobilized therein. Surfaces of the thin film means extend in the direction of flow within the vessel to provide elongated parallel passages. The thin film means occupies from 10 to 65% of the volume of the vessel and preferably has a thickness of 0.1 to 3 mm. Preferably, the thin film means is formed by mixing an aqueous yeast suspension with a photo-crosslinkable resin and subjecting the mixture to radiation to photo-crosslink the resin.

Abstract: A method for immobilizing enzymes or microbial cells which comprises the steps of uniformly mixing an aqueous dispersion of enzymes or microbial cells with a photo-curable resin having a number average molecular weight of 800 to 100,000, two or more photopolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated groups per molecule and hydrophilic groups, and irradiating actinic rays to the above mixture of photo-curable resin and enzymes or microbial cells. The immobilized product is advantageously used in various enzymatic reactions with stable enzyme activity.