Abstract: In an anomaly detection method that determines whether each frame in observation data constituted by a collection of frames sent and received over a communication network system is anomalous, a difference between a data distribution of a feature amount extracted from the frame in the observation data and a data distribution for a collection of frames sent and received over the communication network system, obtained at a different timing from the observation data, is calculated. A frame having a feature amount for which the difference is predetermined value or higher is determined to be an anomalous frame. An anomaly contribution level of feature amounts extracted from the frame determined to be an anomalous frame is calculated, and an anomalous payload part, which is at least one part of the payload corresponding to the feature amount for which the anomaly contribution level is at least the predetermined value, is output.

Abstract: It is determined whether an engine for a flexible fuel vehicle is in a start enabling state based on alcohol concentration of fuel supplied to the engine. When it is determined that the engine is in the start enabling state, a heater for vaporizing fuel is energized. Current flowing in the heater is compared with a reference current representing completion of warmup of the engine. When the current becomes smaller than the reference current, the heater is de-energized, and the fuel is injected to start the engine.

Abstract: A flexible fuel vehicle has an engine with a fuel injector for injecting mixed fuel of gasoline and alcohol into the engine. The operation of a starter motor of the engine is inhibited for a set time period before injecting the mixed fuel from the fuel injector and the mixed fuel is circulated flowing from the fuel pump to the fuel tank for the set time period so as to sufficiently and homogeneously mix the gasoline and alcohol in the mixed fuel.

Abstract: It is determined whether an engine for a flexible fuel vehicle is in a start enabling state based on alcohol concentration of fuel supplied to the engine. When it is determined that the engine is in the start enabling state, a heater for vaporizing fuel is energized. Current flowing in the heater is compared with a reference current representing completion of warmup of the engine. When the current becomes smaller than the reference current, the heater is de-energized, and the fuel is injected to start the engine.

Abstract: An automatic transmission has a lockup clutch for a torque converter. Concentration of alcohol is detected by an alcohol concentration sensor. The lockup clutch is engaged at a lower vehicle speed when the alcohol concentration detected by the alcohol concentration sensor is higher than a predetermined reference value.

Abstract: A control apparatus for an alcohol engine of a vehicle, the engine having an auxiliary equipment and using a fuel containing alcohol, comprising: an alcohol concentration sensor for outputting a detection signal corresponding to an alcohol concentration of the fuel; alcohol concentration calculating means responsive to said detection signal for calculating said alcohol concentration; determining means responsive to said alcohol concentration for computing an optimum condition to operate the auxiliary equipment; and driving means responsive to said optimum condition for driving the auxiliary equipment.

Abstract: In a fuel injection timing control apparatus for an alcohol engine for injecting a fuel containing alcohol to each of a plurality of cylinders at a predetermined timing, fuel injection start timing setting means causes to delay a fuel injection start timing more the higher an alcohol concentration outputted from an alcohol concentration sensor, when throttle full-open range discriminating means discriminates as a throttle full-open range and engine low speed range discriminating means (53) discriminates as an engine low speed range.

Abstract: A start control system for an alcohol engine having heater means for heating fuel injected by an injector, comprising: sensing means for sensing an alcohol concentration of the fuel; detecting means for detecting an engine temperature; judging means responsive to said alcohol concentration and said engine temperature for judging an engine start disable state; computing means responsive to said alcohol concentration and said engine temperature for computing a necessary calorific power of the heater sufficient for enhancement of vaporization of the fuel in said engine start disabled state; and controlling means responsive to said necessary calorific power for controlling a time for turning on the heater.