Abstract: A driving apparatus (1) is provided with: a fixed part (11) having a fixed-part plane (12); and a driven part (13) having a driven-part plane (14), which faces the fixed-part plane, and driven in a direction substantially parallel to the fixed-part plane, a liquid lubricant (30) is between the fixed-portion plane and the driven-part plane, the driven-part plane faces the fixed-part plane such that the driven-part plane is substantially parallel to the fixed-part plane.

Abstract: An actuator comprises a connection section having one end rotatably connected to a connection point (C1) of a fixed section and the other end rotatably connected to a connection point (C2) of a moving section, a connection section having one end rotatably connected to a connection point (C3) of the fixed section and the other end rotatably connected to a connection point (C4) of the moving sections a comb-teeth electrode having the root section connected to a comb-teeth base point (B1) and the fore-end section extending along the turning path, and a comb-teeth electrode having the root section connected to the fixed section and the other section extending along the curve of the comb-teeth electrode and opposed to the comb-teeth electrode with a predetermined gap.

Abstract: A signal processing circuit is provided with a signal input layer having a plurality of signal input sections which receive signal input; a plurality of signal processing layers whereupon a plurality of signal processing sections, which are arranged corresponding to each of the signal input sections and processes in parallel signals from the signal input sections, are dispersed; and connecting lines for associating and connecting the signal input sections with the signal processing sections, respectively. The size of a region occupied by each of the signal processing sections on the signal processing layers is larger than the arrangement intervals between the signal input sections on the signal input layers.

Abstract: A driving apparatus is provided with: a stage structure on which a medium having a small recording domain is mounted; and a facing structure which is provided with at least one small action structure, which faces the medium, for performing a predetermined action to the medium, and which is displaced relatively on a predetermined flat surface with respect to the stage structure, the facing structure comprising a facing-side position detecting unit for detecting a relative reference position of the facing structure with respect to the stage structure, the stage structure comprising a stage-side position detecting unit for detecting a relative reference position of the facing structure with respect to the stage structure.

Abstract: A first thermal buffer layer and a second thermal buffer layer are arranged between a recording medium and an actuator structure. The heat conductivity of the first thermal buffer layer is set low and the heat conductivity of the second thermal buffer layer is set high. Most of the heat generated from a coil wiring of the actuator structure is blocked by the first thermal buffer layer, and heat leaked from the first thermal buffer layer is diffused by the second thermal buffer layer. Temperature distribution on the recording medium is made uniform, and thus, a configuration wherein the recording medium and the actuator structure are placed one over another can be provided, information reading accuracy or information recording stability can be improved and the sizes of an information storage device can be reduced.

Abstract: In a two-dimensional probe array, an interval between the leading ends of probes adjacent to each other in an X direction is made shorter than that between the leading ends of probes adjacent to each other in a Y direction. Thus, the leading ends of the probes are arranged to form a lattice wherein many rectangles are arranged. Furthermore, the lowest resonance frequency of an actuator which moves a recording medium in the X direction is set higher than the lowest resonance frequency of an actuator which moves the recording medium in the Y direction. At the time of recording or reading information, the recording medium is reciprocated in the X direction at a frequency substantially equal to the lowest resonance frequency of the actuator.

Abstract: A separator for flat-type polymer electrolyte fuel cells comprises a fuel-feed-side separator and an oxygen-feed-side separator, each comprising a collector portion in which n unit conductive substrates (n is an integer of 2 or more), each having a plurality of through-holes, are arrayed in flat configuration via gaps, and a pair of insulating frames which have n openings in alignment with an array position of the unit conductive substrates and are integrated in such a way as to hold the collector portion between them. The back-to-back (n?1) unit conductive substrates of the n unit conductive substrates in one of both separators, as counted from the end of its array direction, and the 2nd to nth unit conductive substrates of the n unit conductive substrates in another separator, as counted from the end of its array direction are successively joined together by means of (n?1) connecting hinges.

Abstract: A probe group is composed of, for instance, four probes adjacently arranged, and one modulation circuit is arranged for each probe group. At the time of recoding information, a changeover switch connects one of the four probes with the modulation circuit, and subsequently changes the probes to be connected with the modulation circuit while reciprocal movement of a recording medium is being controlled.

Abstract: A position control area (76A) is partly formed in the recording area (75) of a recording medium (70) and position information is recorded only in the position control area (76A). To record data in the recording medium (70) by a head (60) having a plurality of cantilevers (62A), (62B), . . . , the position information is read by the cantilever (62E) corresponding to the position control area (76A) and, based on the position information, the positioning control or moving control of all the other cantilevers is performed.

Abstract: A capacitance detecting apparatus which can detect the change in minute capacitance of a measuring object with high sensitivity comprises a signal generator, a differential amplifying circuit, and a detecting unit. The signal generator generates a probe signal w(t) to be applied to one end of the measuring object. The differential amplifying circuit amplifies differentially a response signal v1(t) developed at the other end of the measuring object in response to the application of the probe signal w(t) and the probe signal w(t). The detecting unit detects capacitance change of the measuring object based on the amplified signal v(t) from the differential amplifying circuit.

Abstract: In a through hole closing process, a metal plate is attached to one surface of a conductive base member having a plurality of through holes by the use of a magnet, in a copper plating process, a copper plating layer is formed on the conductive base member and the metal plate exposed within the through holes, from the side of the conductive base member where the metal plate is not attached, thereby to fill up the through holes, in a film forming process, a Pd alloy film is formed by plating on the surface of the conductive base member after removal of the metal plate, and in a removal process, the copper plating layer is removed by selective etching, thereby to produce a hydrogen production filter that is used in a reformer a fuel cell so as to be capable of stably producing high purity hydrogen gas.

Abstract: In a through hole closing process, a metal plate is attached to one surface of a conductive base member having a plurality of through holes by the use of a magnet, in a copper plating process, a copper plating layer is formed on the conductive base member and the metal plate exposed within the through holes, from the side of the conductive base member where the metal plate is not attached, thereby to fill up the through holes, in a film forming process, a Pd alloy film is formed by plating on the surface of the conductive base member after removal of the metal plate, and in a removal process, the copper plating layer is removed by selective etching, thereby to produce a hydrogen production filter that is used in a reformer a fuel cell so as to be capable of stably producing high purity hydrogen gas.

Abstract: Position information is formed on a recording surface of a recording medium. The position information is constructed from first line segments, which are parallel to each other, and a second line segment, which crosses the first line segments. On the basis of a distance between (i) an intersection of one of the first line segment and a scan line and (ii) an intersection of another of the first line segments and the scan line, the intersection and an intersection of the second line segment and the scan line are measured or calculated. By this, a position of a head is recognized.

Abstract: In a through hole closing process, a metal plate is attached to one surface of a conductive base member having a plurality of through holes by the use of a magnet, in a copper plating process, a copper plating layer is formed on the conductive base member and the metal plate exposed within the through holes, from the side of the conductive base member where the metal plate is not attached, thereby to fill up the through holes, in a film forming process, a Pd alloy film is formed by plating on the surface of the conductive base member after removal of the metal plate, and in a removal process, the copper plating layer is removed by selective etching, thereby to produce a hydrogen production filter that is used in a reformer of a fuel cell so as to be capable of stably producing high purity hydrogen gas.

Abstract: A recording medium (100) on which record information is recorded, wherein the recording medium is displaced relatively with respect to a recording/reproducing device (60) for performing at least one of recording and reproduction of the record information, along each of one direction (X-axis) and another direction (Y-axis), and a track (120) which is a guide in recording the record information is formed such that a relative displacement direction of the recording/reproducing device due to the at least one of recording and reproduction of the record information is distributed substantially uniformly in both the one direction and the another direction.

Abstract: A separator having a separator member coupled body having a metal plate as a base body, and formed by integrally coupling a plurality of separator members each having through holes for feeding fuel to an electrolyte of the fuel cell, said through holes arranged so as to correspond to the unit cell and to be perpendicular to a surface of said base body, and frame coupled bodies each made of an insulating material, each having openings for fuel feeding or oxygen feeding corresponding to the respective separator members, and each formed by integrally coupling a plurality of frame portions that give insulation between the unit cells, wherein said frame coupled bodies, making a pair, sandwich said separator member coupled body from its both sides, and each frame portion of one of said frame coupled bodies is capable of fitting a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) of the fuel cell into the opening.

Abstract: A probe (100) is provided with: a substrate (110) having a surface facing a medium (20); and a point electrode (120), formed in the substrate, for performing at least one of detection operation of a state of a domain of the medium and change operation of the state of the domain of the medium, a tip portion, which is an edge portion on a side facing the medium, out of the point electrode being disposed in one point in a plane which is formed in a vicinity of an area portion in which the point electrode is formed by the surface.

Abstract: A separator having a separator member coupled body having a metal plate as a base body, and formed by integrally coupling a plurality of separator members each having through holes for feeding fuel to an electrolyte of the fuel cell, the through holes arranged so as to correspond to the unit cell and to be perpendicular to a surface of the base body, and frame coupled bodies each made of an insulating material, each having openings for fuel feeding or oxygen feeding corresponding to the respective separator members, and each formed by integrally coupling a plurality of frame portions that give insulation between the unit cells, wherein the frame coupled bodies, making a pair, sandwich the separator member coupled body from its both sides, and each frame portion of one of the frame coupled bodies is capable of fitting a membrane electrode assembly of the fuel cell into the opening.

Abstract: A recording/reproducing apparatus (100) is provided with comprising: recording devices (131a-131e) for recording record signals (WS1-WS5) in parallel and in synchronization with a record clock; a signal generating device (143) for generating record signals such that a reproduction clock synchronized with the record clock can be generated on the basis of the reproduced record signals, if the plurality of record signals are reproduced in parallel; reproducing devices (131a-131e) for reproducing the record signals in parallel; and a clock generating device (154) for generating a reproduction clock.

Abstract: A multi-layer-information-recording medium is applied to an information recording and reproducing apparatus capable of recording or reproducing information on and from either of a single-layer-information-recording medium having a single recording layer on one side, and a multi-layer-information-recording layer having a plurality of recording layers layered on a spacer layer on one side as a change in reflectivity by irradiating a light beam. The multi-layer-information-recording medium is compatible in terms of at least reproducing and recording with a single-layer-information-recording medium having a cover layer having a predetermined refractive index “n” and a thickness “t” disposed on a recording layer on a light incident side surface. The multi-layer-information-recording medium includes a deepest recording layer deepest from the light incident side surface. The deepest recording layer is formed at an optical distance d1 from the light incident side surface satisfying an equation d1=nt.