Abstract: The concentration(s) of element(s) contained in an unknown sample is measured without necessity of judging the sample relying on a human's eye and obtaining information from a supplier of the sample previously. The concentration(s) of trace element(s) such as Cd, Pb and Hg contained in parts for electronic or electric equipment is determined by (1) irradiating the sample with an X-ray so as to identify whether the type of the sample is a nonmetal-based material or a metal-based material; (2) selecting measuring conditions for a fluorescent X-ray analysis depending on the identified type of the sample; and (3) measuring the concentration(s) of one or more element(s) contained in the sample by the fluorescent X-ray analysis according to the selected measuring conditions.

Abstract: A metal coating removing apparatus (1) includes a first electrode (13) arranged so as to be opposed to a metal coating (101) as an object to be removed, a second electrode 14 arranged so as to be opposed to the metal coating (101) at a predetermined distance from the first electrode (13), and a pulse power generator (11), for example, that functions as a discharge energy supply portion. The pulse power generator (11) supplies discharge energy between the first electrode (13) and the second electrode (14) so as to allow discharging to occur between the first electrode (13) and the second electrode (14). By allowing discharging to occur between the first electrode (13) and the second electrode (14), the metal coating (101) can be removed.

Abstract: A plastic identifying method of the present invention is provided with a step (i) of obtaining a first infrared absorption spectrum by irradiating infrared light of a predetermined wave number onto an item to be identified that contains plastic and measuring the intensity of the infrared light that is totally reflected by this item, and a step (ii) of identifying the plastic contained in the item to be identified by matching the first infrared absorption spectrum with a group of infrared absorption spectra that have been measured for predetermined materials, wherein the predetermined materials are a group of materials containing plastics, and each infrared absorption spectrum in this group of infrared absorption spectra is obtained by irradiating infrared light of a predetermined wave number onto a predetermined material, and measuring the intensity of the infrared light that is totally reflected by that material, and matching is carried out by comparing peaks in the first infrared absorption spectrum with pe

Abstract: A plastic identifying apparatus of the present invention is provided with a sampling unit (2) that samples a test piece (1) from an item to be identified that contains plastic; an identifying unit (3) provided with a detection unit (4) that identifies a type of plastic contained in the test piece (1); and a supply unit (5) that supplies the test piece (1) from the sampling unit (2) to the detection unit (4). With this plastic identifying apparatus, it is possible to realize a plastic identifying method of the present invention, and to identify the types of plastics contained in items to be identified with good accuracy, and continuously, regardless of the size of the items.

Abstract: A plastic identifying apparatus according to the present invention identifies the kind of plastic in an object to be identified by using as an identification face at least two faces of a test piece (1) serving as the object to be identified. The plastic identifying apparatus according to the present invention includes an identifying and detecting portion (3, 4) for identifying the kind of the plastic included in the test piece (1) and a toppling system (7a, 7b) for toppling the test piece (1) by applying an external force to the test piece (1) in order to change the identification face of the test piece (1) facing the identifying and detecting portion (3, 4) from a first face (1a) to a second face (1b).

Abstract: The concentration(s) of element(s) contained in an unknown sample is measured without necessity of judging the sample relying on a human's eye and obtaining information from a supplier of the sample previously. The concentration(s) of trace element(s) such as Cd, Pb and Hg contained in parts for electronic or electric equipment is determined by (1) irradiating the sample with an X-ray so as to identify whether the type of the sample is a nonmetal-based material or a metal-based material; (2) selecting measuring conditions for a fluorescent X-ray analysis depending on the identified type of the sample; and (3) measuring the concentration(s) of one or more element(s) contained in the sample by the fluorescent X-ray analysis according to the selected measuring conditions.

Abstract: A metal identification device of the present invention is characterized in that it includes an arc discharge device including a discharge electrode for causing a discharge between itself and an object to be identified so as to excite the object to be identified and cause it to emit light, an optic fiber for gathering light that has been emitted by the arc discharge device, a spectrophotometer for measuring an emission spectrum of the light that has been gathered by the optic fiber, a personal computer serving as an identification processing portion for identifying a type of the object to be identified by comparing data of the emission spectrum measured by the spectrophotometer and emission spectrum data of a plurality of standard samples stored in advance, and a damage processing portion for damaging at least some of the surface of the object to be identified.

Abstract: A method for distinguishing a kind of plastic materials, by preparing a test piece of a plastic material; measuring an infrared spectrum of the test piece by attenuated total reflection spectroscopy; and comparing the obtained infrared spectrum with an infrared spectrum of a known plastic. The test piece has a section. The infrared spectrum of the test piece is measured by bringing the crystal for attenuated total reflection spectroscopy into contact with the section of the test piece.

Abstract: A plastic identifying method of the present invention is provided with a step (i) of obtaining a first infrared absorption spectrum by irradiating infrared light of a predetermined wave number onto an item to be identified that contains plastic and measuring the intensity of the infrared light that is totally reflected by this item, and a step (ii) of identifying the plastic contained in the item to be identified by matching the first infrared absorption spectrum with a group of infrared absorption spectra that have been measured for predetermined materials, wherein the predetermined materials are a group of materials containing plastics, and each infrared absorption spectrum in this group of infrared absorption spectra is obtained by irradiating infrared light of a predetermined wave number onto a predetermined material, and measuring the intensity of the infrared light that is totally reflected by that material, and matching is carried out by comparing peaks in the first infrared absorption spectrum with pe

Abstract: A plastic identifying apparatus of the present invention is provided with a sampling unit (2) that samples a test piece (1) from an item to be identified that contains plastic; an identifying unit (3) provided with a detection unit (4) that identifies a type of plastic contained in the test piece (1); and a supply unit (5) that supplies the test piece (1) from the sampling unit (2) to the detection unit (4). With this plastic identifying apparatus, it is possible to realize a plastic identifying method of the present invention, and to identify the types of plastics contained in items to be identified with good accuracy, and continuously, regardless of the size of the items.

Abstract: A crushing apparatus is provided for crushing a printed circuit board on which electronic components are mounted into pieces of a size ranging from a few to ten centimeters square and separating some of the components and sheathed wires from the printed circuit board. The crushing apparatus comprises a rotor 3 having a substantially conical or truncated conical projected center 6 mounted at the center of rotation thereof, a plurality of extensions 3a thereof extending from the conical projected center 6 radially and horizontally, and studs 3 and 4 mounted on the extensions 3a thereof. A drive motor 8 is provided for rotating the rotor 3, a cylindrical case 1 accommodates the rotor 3 therein, and a plurality of studs 2 mounted are on the inner side of the cylindrical case 1.

Abstract: A method for distinguishing a kind of plastic materials, by preparing a test piece of a plastic material; measuring an infrared spectrum of the test piece by attenuated total reflection spectroscopy; and comparing the obtained infrared spectrum with an infrared spectrum of a known plastic. The test piece has a section. The infrared spectrum of the test piece is measured by bringing the crystal for attenuated total reflection spectroscopy into contact with the section of the test piece.

Abstract: An organic acid salt is deposited on the surface of a solder powder containing Sn and Zn. Alternatively, 0.5 to 10 wt. % of a nonionic surfactant is added to a flux. By a method comprising such a procedure, provided are a lead-free solder powder and solder paste having good soldering characteristics wherein the reaction of an activating component with an alloy component in a flux is suppressed.

Abstract: A printed wiring board comprises a main board and a pair of rows of connection terminals for holding a card board in a vertical position. Each connection terminal is inserted into the main board at a predetermined interval, and electrically connected with a circuit pattern of the main board. The printed wiring board allows the card board to be positioned vertically on the main board, and is adaptable to change the number of patterned external connection terminals of the card board. A guide means with resilient tongues may be provided at the respective ends of the rows to additionally secure the card board in place.