Abstract: In a memory control apparatus for controlling a synchronous memory unit, the apparatus receives a source clock signal, switches ON and OFF the source clock signal in accordance with an access request signal to the synchronous memory unit and an idle state with no access request signal, and transmits the switched ON/OFF source clock signal to the synchronous memory unit, so that the switched ON/OFF source clock signal serves as an internal clock signal within the synchronous memory unit.

Abstract: To provide a semiconductor integrated circuit device that reduces charging and discharging currents flowing through clock tree synthesis, thereby reducing current consumption of entire circuits of the semiconductor integrated circuit device. In a semiconductor integrated circuit device including a clock synchronous type circuit that operates in synchronization with either of rising and falling edges flank of a reference clock and a plurality of clock buffer circuits for distributing the reference clock to the clock synchronous type circuit, each clock buffer circuit is constituted from a first transistor that drives a load at one of the edges flank of the reference clock with which the clock synchronous type circuit does not operate in synchronization and a second transistor that drives the load at the other edge flank of the reference clock. A gate width of the first transistor is set so that a change in the edge flank is slowed down, provided that a pulse waveform of the reference clock is not destroyed.

Abstract: In a memory control apparatus for controlling a synchronous memory unit, the apparatus receives a source clock signal, switches ON and OFF the source clock signal in accordance with an access request signal to the synchronous memory unit and an idle state with no access request signal, and transmits the switched ON/OFF source clock signal to the synchronous memory unit, so that the switched ON/OFF source clock signal serves as an internal clock signal within the synchronous memory unit.

Abstract: To provide a semiconductor integrated circuit device that reduces charging and discharging currents flowing through clock tree synthesis, thereby reducing current consumption of entire circuits of the semiconductor integrated circuit device.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus has a voltage applying device that applies a lower voltage than a voltage in separating when no transfer material exists between an image bearing member and a seperation charger.

Abstract: A developer-carrying member to be installed in an electrophotographic developing device for carrying and conveying a developer along a surface thereof, is formed of a substrate, and an intermediate electroless plating layer and an electroplating layer disposed in this order on the substrate. As a result of the electroless and electro double plating layer structure, the developer-carrying member is provided with a wear-resistant surface which has an appropriate degree of roughness suitable for conveying the developer thereon and is yet free from minute projections and cracks undesirable from the viewpoint of continuous image forming performances.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus for effecting an image exposure on an electrophotographic photosensitive member by a digital optical system device, having a charging device for charging the photosensitive member, an electrostatic latent image forming device for forming a minute dot pattern corresponding to image data, a developing device for developing the latent image on the photosensitive member with a developer, a transfer device for transferring the developer image onto a transfer material, a fixing device for fixing the developed image on the transfer material, a photosensitive member surface cleaning device for cleaning residual developer remaining on the photosensitive member after transferring, a detector for detecting the fixing device's temperature, and a detector for detecting a water vapor amount in a surrounding environment, and wherein, when a power supply of the apparatus is powered ON and if a fact that the detected temperature of the fixing device is a predetermined temperature or lower and a

Abstract: A method of fabricating a developer bearing body includes the steps of preparing metallic base material blasting the surface of the metallic base material using spherical particles and plating the surface of the metallic base material blasted, wherein a thickness of the plating layer is two or more times as large as a particle diameter in volume average of the developer.

Abstract: There is related to an image forming apparatus for forming a two-color toner image on a photosensitive body and transferring a batch of the image to a transfer material. The apparatus has a rotating and moving electrophotographic photosensitive body. Successively along a rotating direction of the photosensitive body arranged are a first developing device using a two-component developing agent constituted of a magnetic carrier and a nonmagnetic toner and a second developing device using a one-component magnetic developing agent different in color from the nonmagnetic toner. The apparatus also has a control circuit for stopping an image forming operation when a trouble occurs in an apparatus body.

Abstract: There is provided a circuit for controlling writing data into an address of a memory, the data and address being transmitted from a central processing unit, the circuit (a) latching address and data transmitted from the central processing unit, (b) storing a first signal transmitted from the central processing unit, (c) writing latched data into a latched address of the memory by a second signal associated with the first signal, and (d) invalidating the second signal after a period of time necessary for writing data into the address has passed. The above mentioned circuit makes sure that writing data into a memory can be completed without destruction of the data, even if a reset factor is generated while data is being written into a memory. In addition, reset timing for an entire device in which the above mentioned circuit is contained is not out of phase, ensuring prevention of malfunction of the device.

Abstract: A developing device has a developing container containing a toner therein, and a toner carrying member provided in the opening portion of the developing container and rotatable with the toner carried thereon. The difference between the work function of the surface of the toner carrying member and the work function of the toner is greater than 0.1 and smaller than 1.0.

Abstract: The present invention aims to improve image quality in an image forming apparatus in which plural color toner images are formed on a photosensitive member and the toner images are collectively transferred onto a transfer material, and provides such an image forming apparatus that includes a first charge member for charging the photosensitive member, a digital optical system for exposing image information on the photosensitive member, a first developing device for inversion-developing a first latent image formed on the photosensitive member with first toner, a second charge member for charging the photosensitive member developed by the first developing member, a second developing member for developing a second latent image formed on the photosensitive member by exposing second image information onto the charged photosensitive member, with second toner, and a transfer means for collectively transferring first and second toner images formed on the photosensitive member onto a transfer material, and wherein an ex

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a movable image bearing member; an image forming device for forming a toner image on the image bearing member; a charging member for charging the image bearing member in a charging station; and an electrical power source for supplying power to the charging member. A detector detects the voltage-current characteristic between the charging member and the image bearing member; and a controller controls the output of the electrical power source, in accordance with an output of the detector, when a surface area portion of the image bearing member, where the toner image is not going to be formed as the image bearing member rotates, is in the charging station.

Abstract: A charging device includes a movable member to be charged; a charging member contactable to the member to be charged to electrically charge the member to be charged; a discharging device, disposed upstream of a contact portion between the charging member and the member to be charged with respect to a movement direction of the member to be charged, for electrically discharging the member to be charged at a portion adjacent to the contact portion.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a movable image bearing member, having a photosensitive layer; an image forming device for forming an image on the image bearing member: a charging member for charging the image bearing member; and a light radiating device for radiating light on the image bearing member; a detector for detecting a datum rotating to a thickness of the photosensitive layer on the basis of the voltage-current characteristic between the charging member and image bearing member; and a controller for controlling the amount of light radiated from the light radiating device to be increased with decrease in the thickness of the photosensitive layer, in response to the detector.

Abstract: A charging device includes a member to be charged, and a charging member for charging the member to be charged. The charging member includes a surface layer which can contact the surface of the member to be charged. A voltage is applied between the member to be charged and the charging member. The contact angle with water .gamma..sub.R of the surface layer of the charging member is greater than the contact angle with water .gamma..sub.D of the surface of the member to be charged. An image forming apparatus includes the above-described charging device.

Abstract: A developing apparatus wherein a developer is carried on a rotatable developing sleeve having a magnet therein into a developing zone where the sleeve and a image bearing member carrying an image to be developed is opposed to each other. A tangential component of a magnetic field formed on the sleeve surface by a developing magnetic pole disposed faced to the developing zone changes with an angular position on the sleeve. A change rate thereof has a local maximum or local minimum not less than 30 Gausses per degree. By this, "tails" and "scattered spots" are prevented from being produced on a developed image.

Abstract: A developing apparatus for developing a latent image includes a device for supplying developer powder; a developer carrying member for carrying the developer powder supplied from the supplying device to a developing zone where a latent image bearing member is passed; wherein a surface of the developer carrying member for carrying the developer powder is blast-treated by a mixture of regular particles and irregular particles.