Abstract: An electrical wire length output method according to the present invention sets a first cavity reference cross section, a first node reference cross section, and a second node reference cross section, and a second cavity reference cross section, calculates a section wire length in each section of the reference cross sections, and outputs the sum of the section wire lengths as the wire length of an electrical wire.

Abstract: This surface-treated metal includes a metal, and a coated material that is formed on a surface of the metal, in which an outermost layer of the coated material is a photocatalytic film that contains particles showing photocatalytic activity and an organic-inorganic composite resin, a volume ratio of the particles showing photocatalytic activity to the photocatalytic film is in a range from 0.5 vol % to 50 vol %, the organic-inorganic composite resin contains a siloxane bond and at least one group selected from the group consisting of an aryl group, a carboxyl group, an amino group, a hydroxyl group, and an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, the coated material has concaves on a surface thereof on the outermost layer side, an area of the outermost layer is 50% to 98% of an area of a surface of the metal when the coated material is seen in a plan view, and a surface area of the outermost layer is 101% to 5000% of the area of the surface of the metal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a surface-treated precoated metal sheet of which resistance against contamination with a photocatalyst and a self-cleaning function can be retained for a long period. Also disclosed are a method and a surface-treating solution for producing the surface-treated precoated metal sheet properly.

Abstract: A surface-treated metal according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention can include a metal base material, and an inorganic-organic composite film formed on at least a portion of a surface of the metal base material. The inorganic-organic composite film may have a siloxane bond as a main bond in a main skeleton. The film may further have, in bonds of either or both of the main skeleton and/or a side chain, either or both of an ether bond and/or an amino bond. The film may also include an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an aryl group, a carboxyl group, an amino group, and/or a hydroxyl group.

Abstract: The present invention provides a surface treated stainless steel sheet for an automobile fuel tank excellent in corrosion resistance under a salt corrosive environment, that is, a surface treated stainless steel sheet for an automobile fuel tank excellent in corrosion resistance under a salt corrosive environment characterized by comprising a ferritic stainless steel sheet base material containing, by mass %, Cr: 10.0 to 25.0%, having an average r value of 1.4 or more, and having a total elongation of 30% or more or an austenitic stainless steel sheet base material containing Cr: 10.0 to 25.0%, having a total elongation of 45% or more, and having a work hardening rate of 400 N/mm2 on the surface of which is formed a plating layer containing 5 to 13% of Si and having a balance of unavoidable impurities and Al by a weight of 5 g/m2 to 80 g/m2, between the plating layer and base iron is formed an alloy layer having a thickness of less than 5.

Abstract: A surface-treated metal according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention can include a metal base material, and an inorganic-organic composite film formed on at least a portion of a surface of the metal base material. The inorganic-organic composite film may have a siloxane bond as a main bond in a main skeleton. The film may further have, in bonds of either or both of the main skeleton and/or a side chain, either or both of an ether bond and/or an amino bond. The film may also include an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an aryl group, a carboxyl group, an amino group, and/or a hydroxyl group.

Abstract: The invention relates to a chemical reactor having an electrochemical cell containing a three-layer structure for the decomposition and removal of a substance treated by a chemical reaction.

Abstract: White light is irradiated onto the surface of a printed circuit board from an oblique direction to capture a color information image MG0. Infrared light is also irradiated from a substantially perpendicular direction to capture an infrared light image IRM. Region segmentation is performed based on the color information image MG0 produces an image MG3 representing an integrated color region which includes a gold region GL and a brown region BR. Using this image MG3 and the infrared light image IRM, the gold region GL can be distinguished from the brown region BR. In another embodiment, a plurality of images relating to a plurality of wavelength bands of light are respectively captured for an inspection region. Then, an image characteristic value is calculated for the plurality of images, and a wavelength band R7 which is appropriate for an inspection is selected on the basis of this image characteristic value.

Abstract: The present invention provides a chemical reactor for carrying out chemical reactions of substances to be treated in the presence of excess oxygen in which nitrogen oxides can be decomposed and removed with high efficiency and low energy consumption, wherein the catalytic reaction is utilized to reduce the content of excess oxygen during the chemical reactions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a chemical reactor having an electrochemical cell containing a three-layer structure for the decomposition and removal of a substance treated by a chemical reaction.

Abstract: Low core loss oriented electrical steel sheet having a surface coating that has a Young's modulus that is not less than 100 GPa and a differential of thermal expansion coefficient relative to the sheet base metal that is not less than 2.times.10.sup.-6 /K and which contains not less than 10 percent, by weight, of crystallites with an average size of not less than 10 nm and an average crystal grain diameter that does not exceed 1000 nm, and a method of manufacturing same.

Abstract: Low core loss oriented electrical steel sheet having a surface coating that has a Young's modulus that is not less than 100 GPa and a differential of thermal expansion coefficient relative to the sheet base metal that is not less than 2.times.10.sup.-6 /K and which contains not less than 10 percent, by weight, of crystallites with an average size of not less than 10 nm and an average crystal grain diameter that does not exceed 1000 nm, and a method of manufacturing same.

Abstract: Low core loss oriented electrical steel sheet having a surface coating that has a Young's modulus that is not less than 100 GPa and a differential of thermal expansion coefficient relative to the sheet base metal that is not less than 2.times.10.sup.-6 /K and which contains not less than 10 percent, by weight, of crystallites with an average size of not less than 10 nm and an average crystal grain diameter that does not exceed 1000 nm, and a method of manufacturing same.

Abstract: In order to correctly detect the width of wiring pattern on a printed board, a multiple train operator applied to image data. The multiple train operator consists of arms each having three unit arms. The binary data obtained by applying the multiple train operator to the image data is converted into a single horizontal arm and a single vertical arm. The combination of the horizontal and vertical arms corresponds to a single cross operator. The conversion into the single cross operator form is conducted through a logical operation on the binary data obtained by the multiple train operator, so that quantization errors are compensated and fine pattern defects can be detected. As a result, the width of the wiring pattern etc. are correctly obtained.

Abstract: A cross operator is applied to the image of a wiring pattern provided on a printed board, to obtain respective sizes of the image in first and second directions. When the condition that the size of the wiring pattern in one of first and second directions is larger than a threshold value but the size in the other direction is smaller than the threshold value is satisfied, it is decided that the wiring pattern is a wiring line., The width of the wiring line is measured with the operator and is compared with a predetermined allowable range of the width. A land and a pin hole which may be present on the printed board do not satisfy the condition for detecting the wiring line and accurate inspection of the wiring line is attained.

Abstract: A magnetic disk cartridge retains a rotational magnetic disk in a case through liners, which contact the associated surfaces of the disk and each have multiple long protrusions formed almost uniformly and almost in parallel to one another on the whole surface on the disk side. As the magnetic disk rotates, the angle of the disk surface contacting the long protrusions can gradually change, thus ensuring removal of dust from the disk. In additon, this structure can reduce the frictional resistance between the liner's surface and magnetic disk, which contributes to faster rotation of the disk.

Abstract: The image of a wiring pattern provided on a printed board is obtained and binarized. A square pixel operator comprised of a matrix of pixels is applied to the pattern image. Pixel trains extending in different directions are extracted from the result of applying the square operator. The numbers of pixels having the binary value "1" on the pixel trains are counted to obtain the respective sizes of the pattern image on the pixel trains. Signals representing the respective sizes are subjected to timing adjustment operation and to obtain the width of the wiring pattern on an area larger than the square operator.

Abstract: An operator for detecting the width of a wiring line on a printed board comprises plurality of arms. Pixels on each arm increase in size toward the end of the arm. When the width of a narrow wiring line is detected on small pixels, while the width of a wide line is detected on large pixels. The operater is obtained by converting a wiring pattern signal into a plurality of signals corresponding to different pixel sizes and then combining respective parts of the plurality of signals with each other.

Abstract: A printed circuit board (11) is provided with a conductive pattern (P, R) and a through hole (H) thereon. Respective images of the conductive pattern and a through hole are photoelectrically read with an image reader (20). The conductive pattern image is magnified in size to obtain a magnified pattern image (PI.sub.m), while the hole image is magnified at different magnification factors to obtain magnified hole images (HI.sub.n, HI.sub.n-i). A ring image (RP) is defined by the difference of the magnified hole images. The overlapped region (WR) on which the ring image and the magnified pattern image overlap each other is then calculated, and a defect or an opening of the conductive pattern is detected by calculating the aperture angle (.theta.) of the overlapped image.

Abstract: A printed circuit board (11) is provided with a conductive pattern (P, R) and a through hole (H) thereon. Respective images of the conductive pattern and a through hole are photoelectrically read with an image reader (20). The conductive pattern image is magnified in size to obtain a magnified pattern image (PI.sub.m), while the hole image is magnified at different magnification factors to obtain magnified hole images (HI.sub.n, HI.sub.n-i). A ring image (RP) is defined by the difference of the magnified hole images. The overlapped region (WR) on which the ring image and the magnified pattern image overlap each other is then calculated, and a defect or an opening of the conductive pattern is detected by calculating the aperture angle (.theta.) of the overlapped image.